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Sains Malaysiana 45(10)(2016): 1487–1495 Environmental Influences on Fish Assemblages
of the Upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia (Pengaruh Alam Sekitar ke
atas Kumpulan Ikan
dari Hulu Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar,
Perak, Malaysia) MAT
ESA
MOHD
IKHWANUDDIN1,
MOHAMMAD
NOOR
AZMAI
AMAL1*,
SHAMARINA
SHOHAIMIHASRUL1,
HAZMAN
HASAN2
& NOR ROHAIZAH JAMIL2 1Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia 2Department of Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan: 12 September
2015/Diterima: 11 Mac 2016 ABSTRACT This study evaluates the current
environmental influences on fish assemblages of the upper Sungai
Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Fish
samplings and habitat characterizations were conducted at three
significant different months, which were on dry (June 2014), wet
(August 2014) and moderately wet seasons (April 2015). A total
of 510 individual fish were collected from the study, which consist
of four orders, nine families, 20 genus and 21 species of fishes.
Cyprinidae was the biggest family, followed
by Bagridae, Balitoridae
and Sisoridae. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis was the only species documented under the
nearly threatened list, even their individual number and occurrences
were the highest recorded. The readings of environmental variables,
such as water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen,
total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and total suspended
solids were regarded as normal for upper river area. However,
the water turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD)
were quite high, which we believed was due to seasonal variation
and current anthropogenic activities of the nearby river area.
Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the water conductivity,
river width, COD and
water velocity were the main factors in influencing the fish assemblages
of this upper Sungai Pelus. The findings
can be utilized as a guideline to manage, protect and conserve
this upper river area in the near future. Keywords: Environmental influences;
fish assemblage; fish diversity; Perak; upper river ABSTRAK Kajian ini menilai pengaruh
alam sekitar
semasa terhadap kumpulan ikan di hulu Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Pensampelan ikan dan pencirian
habitat telah dijalankan
pada tiga bulan
berbeza; musim
kering (Jun 2014), basah (Ogos 2014) dan sederhana basah (April 2015). Sebanyak 510 ikan telah diambil daripada
kajian ini,
yang terdiri daripada empat order, sembilan keluarga, 20 genus dan 21 spesies ikan. Cyprinidae
adalah keluarga
terbesar, diikuti oleh Bagridae, Balitoridae dan Sisoridae. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis adalah satu-satunya spesies yang direkodkan di bawah senarai hampir terancam, malah bilangan individu dan kejadian mereka
adalah tertinggi
direkodkan. Bacaan pemboleh ubah persekitaran
seperti suhu
air, pH, kekonduksian, oksigen terlarut, jumlah pepejal terlarut, permintaan oksigen biologi dan jumlah
pepejal terampai
adalah normal bagi kawasan hulu sungai.
Walau bagaimanapun,
kekeruhan air dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) adalah
agak tinggi dan
kami percaya ia
disebabkan oleh perubahan bermusim dan aktiviti antropogen
semasa di kawasan
sungai berdekatan. Analisis penghubungan berkanun menunjukkan bahawa pengaliran air, kelebaran lebar, COD dan halaju air adalah faktor utama
yang mempengaruhi kumpulan
ikan di hulu Sungai Pelus ini. Keputusan
kajian boleh
digunakan sebagai satu garis panduan
untuk mengurus,
melindungi dan memulihara kawasan hulu sungai ini
pada masa hadapan.
Kata kunci: Hulu sungai;
kepelbagaian ikan;
kumpulan ikan; pengaruh alam sekitar;
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