 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1869–1877 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-11 Analisis Perubahan Guna Tanah dan
Litupan Bumi di Gombak, Selangor Menggunakan Data Penderiaan Jauh (Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes
in Gombak, Selangor Using Remote Sensing Data) NUR HAKIMAH
ASNAWI*
& LAM KUOK CHOY Pusat Penyelidikan
Kelestarian Sosial, Pembangunan & Persekitaran (SEEDS), Fakulti
Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan: 27
November 2015/Diterima: 22 Julai 2016 ABSTRAK Penyelidikan ini dijalankan
untuk mengesan perubahan guna tanah dan litupan bumi (LULC)
di daerah Gombak, Selangor melalui pendekatan penderiaan jauh.
Perbandingan data siri masa antara tahun 1989-1999, 1999-2014
dan 1989-2014 telah dilakukan bagi melihat perubahan LULC. Data yang digunakan ialah imej
satelit Landsat (TM dan OLI-TIRS)
dan Peta Guna Tanah Selangor 1990 terbitan Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia.
Guna tanah dibahagikan kepada lima kategori utama, iaitu badan
air, hutan, getah, kelapa sawit dan tepu bina. Penilaian ketepatan
antara LULC hasil
daripada pengelasan imej penderiaan jauh dengan peta guna tanah
1990 dikira berdasarkan Koeffisien Kappa menerusi teknik ralat
matrik dan nilai ketepatan adalah 74.5%. Analisis GIS ke atas
imej pasca klasifikasi menunjukkan perubahan sebenar LULC bagi tahun perbandingan 1989-1999 ialah 13.69%, seterusnya
meningkat kepada 18.65% bagi tahun 1999-2014 dan terus meningkat
bagi tahun bandingan 1989-2014, iaitu 24.25%. Guna tanah getah
mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi berbanding guna tanah
lain dengan -47.73% bagi tahun bandingan 1989-1999, manakala tahun
bandingan 1999-2014 menunjukkan guna tanah tepu bina mengalami
perubahan paling tinggi dengan +44.53% dan pada tahun 1989-2014
pula guna tanah getah mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi
sebanyak -34.6%. Kemerosotan guna tanah getah sangat ketara di
daerah Gombak dan mempunyai kaitan dengan peningkatan kawasan
guna tanah tepu bina. Secara umumnya, pola perubahan guna tanah
dan litupan bumi di daerah Gombak selari dengan perkembangan dan
pelaksanaan pembangunan semasa oleh pihak berkuasa. Kata kunci: Imej satelit; Landsat;
penilaian ketepatan; perubahan guna tanah/litupan bumi ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was
to examine the land use and land cover changes (LULC)
in Gombak, Selangor by using remote sensing approach. Comparison
of time series data between years of 1989-1999, 1999-2014 and
1989-2014 have been carried out to identify the changes of LULC. The data used in this study were
Landsat satellite imagery (TM and OLI-TIRS)
and the Selangor Landuse Map 1990 published by Department of Agriculture.
Land uses have been divided into five main categories representing
water bodies, forest, rubber, oil palm and built-up areas. An
accuracy assessment is calculated for the LULC map derived from image classification techniques and
1990’s Landuse Map based on Coefficient Kappa and error matrix
techniques and the result showed accuracy of 74.5%. GIS analysis of the post-classification
images showed real changes of LULC in
Gombak for the comparative year 1989-1999 is 13.69%, which increased
to 18.65% for the year 1999-2014 and continued to rise to 24.25%
for the comparative year 1989-2014. Changes in rubber were found
to be the highest compared to other categories of LULC, accounted for -47.73% for the year 1989/1999, while
1999-2014 showed that the built-up area has the highest changes
at +44.53% and for the year 1989-2014 rubber has the highest change
value at -34.6%. The decline of rubber in Gombak can be attributed
to the increasing of built-up area which has taken over the agricultural
area. In general, the pattern of LULC
in Gombak is in line with the expansion and implementation
of development by the local authorities. Keywords: Accuracy assessment; Landsat; land use/land cover change;
satellite imagery RUJUKAN
Abdul Razak Din.
2014. Punca kejatuhan harga getah di pasaran. Mingguan Malaysia,
4 Mei 2014. Bank Negara Malaysia.
2014. Buletin Suku Tahunan: Suku Pertama 2014. Campbell, J.B.
2007. Introduction to Remote Sensing. 4th ed. New York:
The Guilford Press. Carlson, T.N. &
Azofeifa, S.G.A. 1999. Satellite remote sensing of land use changes
in and around San Jose´, Costa Rica. Remote Sensing of Environment
70(3): 247-256. Demers, M.N. 2005.
Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. New York:
John Wiley & Sons Inc. Dezso, Z., Bartholy,
J., Pongracz, R. & Barcza, Z. 2005. Analysis of land-use/land-cover
change in the Carpathian region based on remote sensing techniques.
Physics and Chemistry of Earth 30(1): 109-115. Dwivedi, R.S.,
Sreenivas, K. & Ramana, K.V. 2005. Land-use/ land-cover change
analysis in part of Ethiopia using
Landsat thematic mapper data. International Journal of Remote
Sensing 26(7): 1285-1287. Fan, F., Weng,
Q. & Wang, Y. 2007. Land use land cover change in Guangzhou,
China, from 1998 to 2003, based on Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery. Sensors
7(7): 1323-1342. Foody, G.M. 1992.
On the compensation for change agreement in image classification
accuracy assessment. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing 58(10): 1459-1460. Guerschman, J.P.,
Paruelo, J.M., Bela, C.D., Giallorenzi, M.C. & Pacin, F. 2003.
Land cover classification in the Argentine Pampas using multi-temporal
Landsat TM data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24(17):
3381-3402. Katiman Rostam.
1988. Pengantar Geografi Bandar. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka. Lu, D., Mausel,
P., Batistella, M. & Moran, E. 2005. Land-cover binary change
detection methods for use in the moist tropical region of the
Amazon: A comparative study. International Journal of Remote
Sensing 26(1): 101-114. Mas, J.F. 1999.
Monitoring land-cover changes: A comparison of change detection
techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing 20(1):
139-152. Mas, J.F., Velazquez,
A., Gallegos, J.R.D., Saucedo, R.M., Alcantare, C., Bocco, G.,
Castro, R., Fernandez, T. & Vega, A.P. 2004. Assessing land
use/cover changes: A nationwide multidate spatial database for
Mexico. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation
and Geoinformation 5(4): 249-261. Meyer, W.B. &
Turner, B.L. 1994. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global
Perspective. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of
Cambridge. Mokhtar Jaafar.
1998. Perubahan gunatanah dan litupan bumi di Lembah Klang-Langat.
Tesis S.Sa, Jabatan Geografi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (tidak
diterbitkan). Muttitanon, W.
& Tiipathi, N.K. 2005. Land use/land cover changes in the
coastal zone of Ban Don Bay, Thailand using Landsat 5 TM data.
International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(11): 2311-2323.
Narimah Samat.
2009. Integrating GIS and CA-MARKOV model in evaluating urban
spatial growth. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management
10(1): 83-99. Prakasam, C. 2010.
Land use and land cover change detection through remote sensing
approach: A case study of Kodaikanal Taluk, Tamil Nadu. International
Journal of Geomatics and Geoscience 1(2): 150-158. Prenzel, B. 2004.
Remote sensing-based quantification of land-cover and land-use
change for planning. Progress in Planning
61:
281-299. Seto, K.C., Woodcock,
C.E., Song, C., Huang, X., Lu, J. & Kaufmann, R.K. 2002. Monitoring
land use change in the Pearl River Delta using Landsat TM. International
Journal of Remote Sensing 23(10): 1985-2004. Rogana, J. &
Chen, D. 2004. Remote sensing technology for mapping and monitoring
land-cover and landuse change. Progress in Planning 61:
301-325. Sharifah Mastura,
S.A. 1999. Pengenalan Penderiaan Jauh. Bangi: Pusat Pencerapan
Bumi, Jabatan Geografi, UKM. Ulbricht, K.A.
& Heckendorf, W.D. 1998. Satellite images for recognition
of landscape and land use changes. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry
& Remote Sensing 53(4): 235-243. United State Geological
Survey (USGS). http://earthexplorer. usgs.gov/. Diakses pada 13
Disember 2014. Wu, Q., Li, H.Q.,
Wang, R.S., Paulussen, J., He, H., Wang, M., Wang, B.H. &
Wang, Z. 2006. Monitoring and predicting land use change in Beijing
using remote sensing and GIS. Landscape and Urban Planning
78(4): 322-333. Yuan, F., Sawaya,
K.E., Loeffelholz, B.C. & Bauer, M.E. 2005. Land cover classification
and change analysis of the twin cities (Minnesota) metropolitan
areas by multitemporal Landsat remote sensing. Remote Sensing
of Environment 98(2): 317-328. Zhao, G.X., Lin,
G. & Warner, T. 2004. Using ThematicMapper data for change
detection and sustainable use of cultivated land: A case study
in the Yellow River Delta, China. International Journal of
Remote Sensing 25(13): 2509-2522. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurhakimahasnawi@gmail.com
|
|||
|
