Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 425–433
Antihypertension Activity of Water
Extract of Tacca integrifolia
(Aktiviti Antihipertensi Ekstrak Air Tacca
integrifolia)
FARAH LIYANA
JAMALUDIN
& JAMALUDIN MOHAMAD*
Institute of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 16
Oktober 2014/Diterima: 2 September 2015
ABSTRACT
Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl
(Taccaceae) is locally known as ‘Belimbing Tanah’. It
has been traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension,
hemorrhoids, heart failure and kidney disease. Analysis of leaf
and rhizome extracts of T. integrifolia using LCMS/MS showed the presence of
p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quinic acid, gypenosides
and 3-caffeolquinic acid. The total phenol contents are high in
the leaves and rhizome water extracts at 792.75±0.21 and 350.83±0.15
mgGAE/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents are also high
in the leaf extract at 89.52±0.27 mgQE/g and rhizome extract at
30.22±0.37 mgQE/g. ACE inhibitory
activity was highest in rhizome water extract. Sub-acute toxicity
test showed that no mortality occurred in rats fed with these
extracts under experimental conditions. Blood pressure of spontaneously
hypertensive rats was reduced significantly (p<0.05)
at 50 and 100 mg/kg of leaves and rhizome water extract, respectively.
Liver function test indicated no significant difference in total
protein, ALT and AST between
control group fed with 100 mg/kg of both extracts. Similarly,
renal function test indicated no significant difference in sodium
and potassium levels as well as creatinine between control group
fed with 100 mg/kg leaves and rhizome water extract. Thus, these
results supported and provide scientific evidence for the traditional
use of T. integrifolia as treatment for hypertension.
Keywords: Angiotensin-converting
enzyme; antioxidant; hypertension; Tacca integrifolia
ABSTRAK
Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl
(Taccaceae) dikenali sebagai Belimbing Tanah. Tumbuhan
ini digunakan secara tradisi untuk rawatan hipertensi, hemoroid,
kegagalan jantung dan penyakit buah pinggang. Analisis ekstrak
daun dan rizom T. integrifolia menggunakan LCMS/MS menunjukkan
kehadiran asid p-hidroksibenzoik, asid protocatechuik, asid quinik,
gipenosida dan asid 3-caffeolquinik. Jumlah kandungan fenol adalah
tinggi dalam ekstrak air daun dan rizom iaitu masing-masing pada
792.75±0.21 dan 350.83±0.15 mgGAE/g. Jumlah kandungan flavonoid
juga adalah tinggi iaitu pada 89.52±0.27 mgQE/g bagi ekstrak daun
dan 30.22±0.37 mgQE/g pada ekstrak rizom. Aktiviti perencatan
ACE didapati lebih tinggi dalam ekstrak air rizom berbanding
ekstrak daun. Ujian ketoksikan akut menunjukkan tiada kematian
berlaku pada tikus diberi ekstrak dalam keadaan percubaan. Tekanan
darah tikus hipertensif spontan didapati berkurangan dengan signifikan
(p<0.05) dengan pemberian masing-masing pada 50 dan
100 mg/kg ekstrak air daun dan rizom. Ujian fungsi hati menunjukkan
tiada perubahan signifikan dalam kandungan jumlah protein serta
ALT dan AST antara
kumpulan kawalan yang diberi makan kedua-dua ekstrak sebanyak
100 mg/kg. Begitu juga pada ujian fungsi renal tiada perbezaan
signifikan diperhatikan pada aras natrium, kalium dan kreanitina
bila dibandingkan antara kumpulan kawalan yang diberikan 100 mg/kg
ekstrak air daun dan rizom. Dengan itu, keputusan ini memberikan
sokongan saintifik terhadap kegunaan tradisi T. integrifolia
sebagai rawatan hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Antioksidan; enzim penukar-angiotensin; hipertensi; Tacca integrifolia
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
jamal@um.edu.my