Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 467–476
Removal of Heavy Metals and Production
of Bioethanol by Green Alga Scenedesmus obliquus Grown
in Different Concentrations of Wastewater
(Penyingkiran Logam Berat dan Pengeluaran
Bioetanol oleh Alga Hijau Scenedesmus obliquus Hidup dalam
Pelbagai Kepekatan Air Sisa)
RAGAA A.
HAMOUDA1*
DALIA S. YEHEIA1, MERVAT H. HUSSEIN2 &
HANAFY A. HAMZAH1
1Microbial Biotechnology
Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute
University
of Sadat City, Egypt
2Botany Department,
Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
Diserahkan: 05
Julai 2015/Diterima: 24 September 2015
ABSTRACT
Algae have recently received
a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production
of renewable energy and an important bioremediation agent. This
study was carried out to evaluate the potential of green algae
Scenedesmus obliquus grow
in different concentrations of wastewater and the improvement
of cultivation conditions to produce biomass rich in sugar to
produce bioethanol by fermentation processes. The highest sugar
content of S. obliquus biomass was recorded for algae cultivated
with 40 and 85% wastewater after 9 days under aeration condition
with dark and light duration (44.5%). It was found that the highest
removal efficiency of BOD and COD were
18% for S. obliquus grown under aeration condition. The
highest ethanol efficiency of S. obliquus biomass hydrolysate
was 20.33% at 4th day. The best condition of S. obliquus to
grow efficiently was under aeration with light and dark durations,
where it has high efficiency to remove heavy metals from wastewater
in this condition.
Keywords: Bioethanol; culture
condition; fermentation; heavy metals; Scenedesmus
obliquus; wastewater treatments
ABSTRAK
Alga pada masa ini telah mendapat
perhatian sebagai sumber biojisim baru untuk penghasilan tenaga
boleh baharu dan sebagai agen penting biopemulihan. Penyelidikan
ini dijalankan untuk menilai potensi alga hijau Scenedesmus obliquus membesar dalam
pelbagai kepekatan air sisa dan dalam penambahbaikan keadaan penanaman
untuk menghasilkan biojisim yang kaya dengan gula untuk menghasilkan
bioetanol melalui proses penapaian. Kandungan gula tertinggi daripada
biojisim S. obliquus direkodkan sebagai alga yang ditanam
menggunakan 40 dan 85% air sisa selepas 9 hari di bawah keadaan
pengudaraan dengan tempoh gelap dan terang (44.5%). Didapati bahawa
kecekapan penyingkiran tertinggi BOD dan
COD
adalah 18% untuk S. obliquus membesar di
bawah keadaan pengudaraan. Kecekapan tertinggi etanol hidrolisat
biojisim S. obliquus adalah 20.33% pada hari ke-4. Keadaan
terbaik untuk S. obliquus membesar dengan cekap adalah
di bawah keadaan pengudaraan dengan tempoh terang dan gelap dan
mempunyai kecekapan tinggi untuk membuang logam berat daripada
buangan dalam keadaan.
Kata kunci: Bioetanol; keadaan budaya; logam berat; penapaian; rawatan
air kumbahan; Scenedesmus obliquus
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
ragaahom@yahoo.com