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Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 489–497 Development of an Efficient Flat Plate
Solar Air Heater for Drying and Water Heating Purposes (Pembangunan Sebuah Pemanas Udara Suria
Plat Rata yang Cekap bagi Tujuan Pengeringan dan Pemanasan Air) M. HANIF1*,
M.K.
KHATTAK1,
M.
AMIN1,
M.
RAMZAN1,
S.
ZAKIR2,
S.
ULLAH2
& Z. KHAN2 1Department of Agricultural
Mechanization, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan 2Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan Diserahkan: 15
Mei 2014/Diterima: 3 September 2015 ABSTRACT A 1.7 m2 flat
plate solar air heater was designed and developed in the Department
of Agricultural Mechanization, The University of Agriculture Peshawar,
Pakistan in collaboration with the Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. It was operated under
an average solar irradiance of 0.9 kJ.m-2.h-1 in
the month of September, 2013. It worked under an efficiency of
7.5 to 21%. The heat collected by the air heater was given to
air flowing as a medium inside it. This hot air was given to a
drying section and water heating tank for drying and water heating
purposes. The drying section provided a temperature in the range
of 40-50oC and humidity of 10-30% from
10:00 am to 3:00 pm. The water heating tank provides hot water
with a temperature of 35- 45oC from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. Furthermore,
the drying section was used to dry apples, onions and persimmons.
All the products showed a consistent moisture loss from them with
an optimum drying rate. The two term exponential model showed
that all the three products dried have a good correlation with
drying time with R2 values
higher than 0.90. It was concluded that flat plate solar air heaters
is the best technology for water heating and drying purposes and
is a good alternative of conventional energy sources. Keywords: Efficiency; drying;
flat plate solar air heater; solar energy; water heating ABSTRAK Sebuah pemanas udara suria
plat rata berukuran 1.7 m2 direka
dan dibangunkan di Jabatan Pertanian Pemesinkan, Universiti Pertanian
Peshawar, Pakistan dengan kerjasama Jabatan Sains Alam Sekitar,
Universiti Peshawar, Pakistan. Ia telah beroperasi menggunakan
purata sinaran suria sebanyak 0.9 kJ.m-2.jam-1 pada
bulan September 2013. Ia menggunakan kecekapan 7.5 hingga 21%.
Haba yang dikumpul oleh pemanas udara telah diberikan kepada udara
yang mengalir sebagai medium di dalamnya. Udara panas ini telah
diberikan kepada bahagian pengeringan dan tangki pemanas air untuk
tujuan pengeringan dan pemanasan air. Bahagian pengeringan menyediakan
suhu dalam lingkungan 40-50oC
dan kelembapan 10-30% dari 10:00 pagi hingga 3:00 petang. Tangki
pemanas air menyediakan air panas dengan suhu 35-45oC
dari 10:00 pagi hingga 5:00 petang. Selain itu bahagian pengeringan
juga digunakan untuk mengeringkan epal, bawang dan pisang kaki.
Semua produk menunjukkan kehilangan lembapan yang konsisten dengan
kadar pengeringan optimum. Model eksponen dua istilah menunjukkan
bahawa tiga produk kering tersebut mempunyai kolerasi yang baik
dengan masa pengeringan dengan nilai R2 lebih
tinggi daripada 0.90. Kesimpulannya, pemanas udara suria plat
rata adalah teknologi terbaik untuk tujuan pemanasan air dan pengeringan
dan adalah alternatif yang baik sebagai sumber tenaga konvensional.
Kata kunci: Kecekapan; pemanas air; pemanas udara suria plat rata;
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Energy 21: 435-443. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
hanif_mechanization@aup.edu.pk
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