Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 841–852

Evaluation of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Water of the Sungai Semenyih (Peninsular Malaysia) using Environmetric Methods

(Penilaian Logam Berat Terlarut dalam Air Sungai Semenyih (Semenanjung Malaysia)

Menggunakan Kaedah Environmetrik)

FAWAZ AL-BADAII, AZHAR ABDUL HALIM* & MOHAMMAD SHUHAIMI-OTHMAN

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 21 September 2015/Diterima: 30 Disember 2015

ABSTRACT

The study to determine the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the Sungai Semenyih and to use the environmetric methods to evaluate the influence of different pollution sources on heavy metals concentrations was carried out. Cluster analysis (CA) classified 8 sampling stations into two clusters based on the similarity of sampling stations characteristics, cluster 1 included stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 (low pollution area), whereas cluster 2 comprised of stations 5, 6, 7 and 8 (high pollution area). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the two datasets yield two factors for low pollution area and three factors for the high pollution area at Eigenvalues >1, representing 92.544% and 100% of the total variance in each heavy metals data sets and allowed to gather selected heavy metals based on the anthropogenic and lithologic sources of contamination.

Keywords: Dissolved heavy metals; environmetric methods; Sungai Semenyih

ABSTRAK

Kajian untuk menentukan kepekatan logam berat terlarut di Sungai Semenyih dengan menggunakan kaedah environmetrik untuk menilai pengaruh punca pencemaran yang berbeza pada kepekatan logam berat telah dijalankan. Analisis kelompok (AK) mengelaskan 8 stesen persampelan kepada dua kelompok berdasarkan persamaan ciri stesen persampelan, kelompok 1 terdiri daripada stesen 1, 2, 3 dan 4 (kawasan pencemaran rendah), manakala kelompok 2 terdiri daripada stesen 5, 6, 7 dan 8 (kawasan pencemaran tinggi). Analisis komponen utama (PCA) kedua-dua set data menghasilkan dua faktor bagi kawasan pencemaran yang rendah dan tiga faktor bagi kawasan pencemaran yang tinggi pada nilai Eigen > 1, iaitu 92,544% dan 100% daripada jumlah varians pada setiap set data logam berat dan membolehkan pengumpulan logam berat yang dipilih berdasarkan sumber antropogenik dan sumber pencemaran litologi.

Kata kunci: Kaedah environmetrik; logam berat terlarut; Sungai Semenyih

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azharhalim@ukm.edu.my