Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 949–954
Biodegradation
of Various Homologues of Palm-based Methyl Ester Sulphonates (MES)
(Biodegradasi
Pelbagai Homolog Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES)
Berasaskan Sawit)
SITI AFIDA I.*, RAZMAH G.
& ZULINA A.M.
Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD), Malaysian
Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
6 Januari 2016/Diterima: 12 Januari 2016
ABSTRACT
The concern on the widespread use of surfactants is increasing
worldwide as they can be potential toxicants by polluting the environment, with
the damage formed depending on their exposure and persistence in the ecosystem.
This paper was intended to evaluate the biodegradability of palm-based
surfactant, MES, in order to establish their environmental
friendliness. The respirometric method was used to monitor the biodegradation
of various homologues of MES over 28 days as described in the OECD 301F Manometric respirometry test method. The results showed all
the MES homologues tested were readily biodegradable with
percentage of biodegradation achieved for C12, C14 and C16 MES was
73% within 6 days, 66% within 8 days and 63% within 16 days, respectively,
while linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) sample 60% biodegraded
within 8 days. From the results, it can be concluded that the longer the carbon
chain length, the lower is the biodegradability of MES as
the microorganisms took longer time to degrade a longer chain surfactant. Other
than that, the presence of aromatic structure in LAS may
also extend the biodegradation process. The use of palm-based surfactant, i.e. MES,
is more environmental friendly and can be used as an alternative to
petroleum-based surfactant to reduce adverse environmental effects of
surfactant on ecosystem.
Keywords: Environment; LAS; OECD 301F
test method; palm-based surfactant
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan surfaktan secara meluas telah
meningkatkan kebimbangan pengguna di seluruh dunia kerana bahan ini berpotensi
menjadi bahan toksik terhadap alam sekitar, dengan kerosakan yang terbentuk
bergantung kepada pendedahan dan kehadiran bahan ini dalam ekosistem. Kajian ini telah dijalankan
untuk menilai sifat mesra alam MES berasaskan sawit di
sekitaran melalui pengukuran tahap biodegradasi surfaktan ini. Kaedah respirometrik digunakan untuk memantau biodegradasi pelbagai
rantaian MES sepanjang 28 hari seperti yang dinyatakan dalam
kaedah ujian OECD 301F. Hasil kajian menunjukkan semua homolog MES yang
diuji adalah mudah terurai dengan peratusan biodegradasi untuk C12, C14 dan C16 MES adalah masing-masing 73% dalam masa 6 hari, 66% dalam masa 8 hari
dan 63% dalam masa 16 hari, manakala sampel linear alkilbenzena sulphonat (LAS)
mencapai 60% biodegradasi dalam masa 8 hari. Daripada keputusan
tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahawa semakin panjang rantai karbon MES,
semakin rendah peratusan biodegredasi kerana mikroorganisma mengambil masa yang
lebih lama untuk menguraikan rantaian panjang ini. Selain itu, kehadiran
struktur aromatik dalam LAS juga boleh melambatkan proses
biodegradasi. Penggunaan surfaktan berasaskan sawit, iaitu MES,
adalah lebih mesra alam sekitar dan merupakan alternatif terhadap surfaktan
berasaskan petroleum untuk mengurangkan kesan surfaktan terhadap ekosistem.
Kata kunci: Alam sekitar; kaedah OECD 301F; LAS; surfaktan
berasaskan sawit
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: siti.afida@mpob.gov.my
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