Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 955–962
Effects
of Alkaline Combined with Ultrasonic Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of
Agricultural Wastes for High Reducing Sugar Production
(Kesan
Gabungan Alkali dengan Ultrasonik Prarawatan dan Hidrolisis Enzim Sisa
Pertanian
untuk Penurunan Pengeluaran Gula
yang Tinggi)
WAESARAT SOONTORNCHAIBOON1, SANG MOO KIM2 & RATCHAPOL PAWONGRAT1*
1Department of Liberal
Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140
Thailand
2Department of Marine
Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University
Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
Diserahkan: 10 Februari 2015/Diterima: 11 Januari 2016
ABSTRACT
The effects of six pretreatments of five agricultural wastes (corn
cob, pineapple waste, bagasse, rice straw and water hyacinth) on the chemical
composition and total reducing sugar yield were investigated. Six pretreatments
were: 1% NaOH with ultrasound for 60 min; 1% NaOH with ultrasound 100% duty; 2%
NaOH with ultrasound for 60 min; 2% NaOH with ultrasound 100% duty cycle; 1%
NaOH by standing in the oven at 60°C for 90 min; and 2% NaOH by standing in the oven at 60°C for
90 min. Among them, the highest cellulose content of 55.15% was obtained from
bagasse by pretreating with 1% NaOH with ultrasound 100% duty cycle. It
subsequently yielded the highest total reducing sugar of 36.21% (36.21 g
reducing sugar/100 g substrate). The lignin content of all samples
significantly decreased, but ultrasonic pretreatment increased the cellulose
content. However, the best pretreatment method for each sample was different.
Based on SEM analysis, the morphologies of all samples were
changed after pretreatment. In addition, the increase of enzyme loading from 250 to 550 CMC U/g biomass led to
more than 20% increase in the total reducing sugar. It was found that the
higher enzyme loading (700 CMC U/g dried biomass) did not improve
the total reducing sugar for all samples.
Keywords: Agricultural waste; alkaline; hydrolysate; pretreatment;
ultrasonic
ABSTRAK
Kesan enam prarawatan ke atas lima sisa
pertanian (tongkol jagung, sisa nanas, hampas tebu, jerami padi dan keladi
bunting) terhadap komposisi kimia dan jumlah hasil penurunan gula telah dikaji.
Enam prarawatan adalah: 1% NaOH dengan ultrabunyi untuk 60 min; 1% NaOH dengan
ultrabunyi tugas 100%; 2% NaOH dengan ultrabunyi untuk 60 min; 2% NaOH dengan
ultrabunyi kitar tugas 100%; 1% NaOH dengan dirian di dalam relau pada suhu 60°C selama 90 min; dan 2% NaOH dengan dirian
di dalam relau pada suhu 60°C selama 90 min. Antara semua, kandungan selulosa
tertinggi adalah 55.15% telah diperoleh daripada hampas tebu dengan prarawatan
1% NaOH dengan ultrabunyi kitar tugas 100%. Ia kemudiannya
menghasilkan jumlah penurunan gula yang paling tinggi sebanyak 36.21% (36.21 g
penurunan gula/100 g substrat). Kandungan lignin
daripada semua sampel menurun dengan ketara, tetapi rawatan awal ultrasonik
meningkatkan kandungan selulosa. Walau bagaimanapun,
kaedah rawatan awal yang terbaik bagi setiap sampel adalah berbeza. Berdasarkan analisis SEM, morfologi semua sampel
telah berubah selepas rawatan awal. Di samping itu, peningkatan muatan
enzim sebanyak 250-550 CMC U/g biojisim membawa kepada 20%
peningkatan dalam jumlah penurunan gula. Didapati bahawa
pemuatan enzim yang tinggi (700 CMC U/g biojisim kering) tidak
meningkatkan jumlah penurunan gula untuk semua sampel.
Kata kunci: Alkali; hidrolisat; prarawatan; sisa
pertanian; ultrasonic
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: faasrpp@ku.ac.th
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