Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1727–1734

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-08

Morphological Characterization and Selection for High Yielding and Powdery Mildew Resistant Pea (Pisum sativum) Lines

(Pencirian Morfologi dan Pemilihan Titisan Kacang Pea (Pisum sativum) untuk Hasil Tinggi dan Tahan Kulapuk Berdebu)

AJMAL IQBAL¹, SHAHEN SHAH², MOHAMMAD NISAR¹* & ABDUL GHAFOOR³

¹Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

²Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

³Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARS), Islamabad, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 27 Januari 2016/Diterima: 26 Mac 2017

ABSTRACT

Twenty lines of  Pisum sativum particularly developed for high yield and resistant to powdery mildew were evaluated along with two parents (Fallon^er and 11760-3^ER) and two checks (Climex and a local cultivar) with the objectives to determine morphological characterization, yield potential and resistance to powdery mildew. On the basis of one way cluster, the 24 lines were mainly grouped into four clusters, especially on the vegetative and yield contributing traits. It was observed that the tall and high yielding lines were grouped in cluster-III while the dwarf and high yielding lines were grouped in cluster-IV. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference (p<0.05) in the yield of 24 pea lines. The average grain yield of the 24 pea lines ranged from 22.87 to 102.54 g. The highest grain yield was produced by PL-4 (102.54 g plant-1) followed by PL-5 (82.14 g plant^-1). Of the 24 pea lines, two lines (PL-4 and PL-5) were highly resistant to powdery mildew disease. Therefore, the newly developed PL-4 and PL-5 lines were high yielding and highly resistant. Among the 19 morphological traits, six (Eigenvalue >1.0) contributed more than 80% variability among the materials.

Keywords: Morphological characterization; pea lines; powdery mildew; statistical analysis; yield potential

ABSTRAK

Dua puluh titisan Pisum savitum dibangunkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang tinggi dan tahan terhadap kulapuk berdebu telah dinilai bersama dua induknya (Fallon^er dan 11760-3^ER) dan dua pengesah (Climex dan kultivar tempatan) dengan objektif untuk mengenal pasti pencirian morfologi, potensi hasilan dan daya tahan terhadap kulapuk berdebu. Berasaskan kelompok sehala, 24 titisan telah dibahagikan kepada empat kelompok terutamanya ciri vegetatif dan penyumbang hasil. Dapat diperhatikan, titisan yang panjang dengan hasil yang tinggi telah dikumpulkan dalam kelompok-III, manakala titisan yang kerdil dengan hasil yang tinggi termasuk dalam kelompok-IV. Analisis varians (ANOVA) menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara (p<0.05) dalam hasil kesemua 24 titisan kacang pea. Purata hasil bijian daripada 24 titisan kacang pea adalah antara 22.87 kepada 102.54 g. Hasil tertinggi bijian telah keluaran daripada PL-4 (102.54 g tumbuhan-1), diikuti PL-5 (82.14 g tumbuhan^-1). Daripada 24 titisan kacang pea, dua titisan (PL-4 dan PL-5) mempunyai daya tahan terhadap penyakit kulapuk berdebu yang tinggi. Maka, titisan PL-4 dan PL-5 yang baru dibangunkan adalah berhasilan tinggi dan mempunyai berdaya tahan yang tinggi. Antara 19 ciri morfologi, enam (nilai Eigen>1.0) telah menyumbangkan lebih daripada 80% perbezaan dalam kesemua bahan yang terhasil.

Kata kunci: Analisis statistik; kulapuk berdebu; pencirian morfologi; potensi penghasilan; titisan kacang pea

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mnshaalpk@yahoo.com