Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1779–1787

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-15

 

Plasma Darah dalam Makanan daripada Perspektif Islam dan Sains

(Blood Plasma in Food from Islam and Science Perspectives)

 

MOHD IZHAR ARIFF MOHD KASHIM^1*, NUR ASMADAYANA HASIM², RIZAFIZAH OTHAMAN³, MOHAMMAD ZAINI YAHAYA¹, ROZIDA KHALID³, MUHAMMAD ADIB SAMSUDIN¹ & DIANI MARDIANA MAT ZIN⁴

 

¹Jabatan Syariah, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Malaysia

³Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

⁴Kolej Permata Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 6 Januari 2017/Diterima: 21 Februari 2017

 

 

ABSTRAK

Makanan dan minuman yang halal dan baik merupakan tuntutan dalam Islam. Pada zaman serba moden ini, timbul kebimbangan terhadap status halal plasma darah yang digunakan secara meluas terutamanya dalam industri makanan. Objektif penyelidikan ini ialah untuk mengkaji kegunaan, kebaikan dan keburukan plasma darah serta pandangan ulama mengenai isu ini. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan ulasan kepustakaan secara deskriptif. Kajian mendapati bahawa plasma darah mempunyai kemampuan melarut dan pengemulsi yang tinggi, kelikatan yang rendah serta kemampuan untuk membentuk gel yang kuat. Selain itu, plasma darah boleh menambah baik tekstur dan menjadi pengikat dalam penghasilan produk makanan moden. Ia juga merupakan alternatif protein yang murah bagi pengganti lemak dalam penghasilan produk daging rendah lemak. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian mendapati plasma darah mengandungi pelbagai mikroorganisma dan hasilan metabolisme yang berkemungkinan merbahaya akibat daripada toksin dan protein darah. Kini, terdapat pelbagai kaedah pengesanan yang boleh dijalankan untuk mengesan plasma darah dalam makanan bagi menentukan status halal. Terdapat dua pandangan berkenaan hukum penggunaan plasma darah, pandangan pertama bersependapat, penggunaan plasma darah dalam produk makanan adalah harus jika telah berlaku proses istihalah yang sempurna. Manakala pandangan kedua, mengharamkan plasma darah kerana ia adalah proses tidak sempurna (istihalah fasidah). Oleh itu, penentuan hukum terhadap istihalah dalam penghasilan plasma darah mestilah menepati kehendak syariat Islam di samping memastikan hukum berkaitan isu ini tidak ketinggalan zaman.

 

Kata kunci: Halal; istihalah; kebaikan; keburukan; plasma darah

 

ABSTRACT

Food and drink that were good (Halalan Toyyiban) is a compulsory in Islam. In this modern era, a concern was raised over the halal status of blood plasma that is widely used especially in the food industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness, advantages and disadvantages of the blood plasma as well as the views of Islamic scholars on this issue. The study was conducted using descriptive literature review. The study found that blood plasma has the ability to dissolve and high emulsifying, low viscosity and the ability to form a strong gel. Besides, it can improve the texture and be a binder in the production of modern food. It is a cheap alternative protein as fat substitute to be use in the production of low-fat meat products. Despite of the fact, the study found blood plasma contains various microorganisms and potentially harmful products of toxins and blood protein. In fact, products containing blood plasma is likely to cause allergy-induced protein content of blood. Now, there are a variety of detection methods that can be used to detect blood plasma in order to determine the halal status of food. There are two views regarding the legal use of blood plasma, first, the use of blood plasma in food products are allowed if it had a perfect process of changes, istihalah. Meanwhile a second opinion, to ban the blood plasma products as it has undergone an imperfect process of change, (istihalah fasidah) which results in the end material categorized as Haram. Therefore, law determination (Hukum) of istihalah in the production of blood plasma must meet the requirements of Islamic law while ensuring that the relevant legal issue is not outdated.

 

Keywords: Advantages; blood plasma; disadvantage; Halal; istihalah

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