Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2281–2289
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-04
Green Water Meal as Protein and Carotenoid
Sources in Grow-out Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus
vannamei
(Tepung Air Hijau sebagai Punca Protein
dan Karotenoid di dalam Diet Tumbesaran Udang Putih Pasifik, Litopenaeus
vannamei)
ROSSITA SHAPAWI*,
NAJAMUDDIN
ABDUL
BASRI
& SITTI RAEHANAH MUHD
SHALEH
Borneo Marine Research Institute,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 15 Jun 2016/Diterima:
13 Februari 2017
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted
to evaluate the potential of green water meal (GWM)
as an alternative dietary ingredient for juvenile Pacific white
shrimp, Litopenaeus
vannamei. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated
with 0% (GWM0,
control diet), 10% (GWM10), 20% (GWM20),
30% (GWM30) and 40% (GWM40) of GWM replacing
fishmeal protein and fed five times daily to triplicate groups of
shrimp with an average initial weight of 6.42±0.02 g. In general,
growth performance and feed utilization of shrimp fed with GWM10 did not show any significant
differences with the control diet. Survival rate was above 88% and
not affected by the dietary treatments. The whole-body protein and
lipid of the shrimps decreased with the increasing GWM level in the diets. The shrimps
fed with the GWM-based diets (GWM10,
GWM20,
GWM30
and GWM40) presented more intense red/orange colour and contained
higher total carotenoid concentration compare with the control diet.
The present findings suggested that GWM is an excellent source of
carotenoid for shrimp pigmentation and able to replace fishmeal
protein at up to 10% replacement level.
Keywords: Fishmeal replacement;
microalgae meal; Pacific white shrimp; pigmentation
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini telah dijalankan
untuk menilai potensi tepung air hijau (GWM) sebagai sumber ramuan alternatif
dalam pemakanan juvenil udang putih Pasifik, Litopenaeus
vannamei. Lima diet isoproteik dan isolipidik telah dirumuskan
dengan 0% (diet kawalan), 10% (GWM10), 20% (GWM20),
30% (GWM30) dan 40% (GWM40) GWM menggantikan
protein daripada tepung ikan dan diberi makan lima kali sehari kepada
tiga kumpulan udang dengan berat purata awal 6.42±0.02 g. Secara
keseluruhannya, prestasi pertumbuhan dan penghadaman makanan untuk
udang yang diberi makan dengan diet GWM10
tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dengan diet kawalan.
Kadar kelangsungan hidup adalah lebih daripada 88% dan tidak dipengaruhi
oleh diet pemakanan. Kandungan protein dan lipid udang menurun dengan
tahap GWM
yang semakin meningkat di dalam diet. Udang yang diberi
makan dengan diet yang berasaskan GWM (GWM10, GWM20,
GWM30
dan GWM40) menunjukkan warna merah/jingga yang terang dan mengandungi
jumlah kandungan karotenoid yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan
diet kawalan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa GWM adalah
sumber karotenoid yang sangat baik untuk pigmentasi udang dan boleh
menggantikan protein daripada tepung ikan sehingga 10% tahap penggantian.
Kata kunci: Hidangan mikroalga;
hidangan udang gantian; pigmentasi; udang putih pasifik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: rossita@ums.edu.my
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