Sains Malaysiana 46(1)(2017): 167–173
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-21
Combination of Gamma Irradiation and
Sodium Carbonate Pretreatment on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) for High
Acidic Hydrolysis Yield
(Gabungan Prarawatan Iradiasi Gamma dan Natrium
Karbonat ke atas Serabut Tandan
Kosong Kelapa Sawit (EFB)
untuk Hasil Hidrolisis Asid Tinggi)
SIEW XIAN CHIN1,2* CHIN HUA CHIA1, SARANI ZAKARIA1, SAHRIM HJ. AHMAD1
& SITI MASRINDA TASIRIN2
1Bioresources and
Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science
and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Department of Chemical
and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 28 Mac 2015/Diterima:
26 Januari 2016
ABSTRACT
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB)
fibres were pretreated by gamma irradiation followed by sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
before the acid hydrolysis process to produce reducing sugars using diluted
sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
In this study, EFB fibres were irradiated at
different doses, i.e. 0, 100 and 200 kGy. Meanwhile, the gamma
irradiated sample were then subjected to Na2CO3 pretreatment
with 0 and 5% total titratable alkali (TTA). The effect of the
pretreatment using gamma irradiation and Na2CO3 on
the physical and chemical properties of the EFB fibres
and the yield of the reducing sugar obtained from the acid hydrolysis process
was investigated. The obtained results showed that the content of holocellulose
was increased significantly with the increase of irradiation doses combined
with Na2CO3 pretreatment,
whereas lignin content of the EFB was decreased. The gamma
irradiation and Na2CO3 pretreatment
resulted in structure breakage and removal of silica of EFB fibres
which can be due to the swelling of the fibres. A synergistic effect between
gamma irradiation and Na2CO3 was
observed, in which the yield of reducing sugars was increased by combining the
gamma irradiation and Na2CO3 pretreatment.
Keywords: Acid hydrolysis;
holocellulose; lignin; sodium carbonate
ABSTRAK
Serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB)
telah diprarawat dengan iradiasi gamma dan natrium karbonat (Na2CO3)
sebelum proses hidrolisis asid untuk penghasilan gula penurun menggunakan asid
sulfurik cair (H2SO4). Dalam kajian ini, EFB diradiasikan pada dos
sinaran gamma yang berbeza iaitu, 0, 100 dan 200 kGy. Kemudian, EFB tersebut diprarawat dengan Na2CO3 pada
kepekatan 0 dan 5% kealkalian boleh titrat (TTA). Kesan prarawatan iradiasi gamma dan Na2CO3 terhadap
sifat fizikal dan kimia EFB serta penghasilan gula penurun
daripada proses hidrolisis asid telah dikaji. Keputusan yang
diperoleh menunjukkan kesan prarawatan menyebabkan peningkatan kandungan
holoselulosa yang ketara dengan peningkatan dos iradiasi gamma digabungkan
dengan prarawatan Na2CO3,
manakala kandungan lignin daripada EFB semakin berkurang. Prarawatan iradiasi gamma dan Na2CO3 boleh
menyebabkan kerosakan struktur dan penyingkiran silika daripada gentian EFB disebabkan
oleh kesan pembengkakan gentian. Kesan sinergistik
antara iradiasi gamma dan Na2CO3 diperhatikan,
dengan penghasilan gula penurun meningkat kesan gabungan prarawatan iradiasi
gamma dan Na2CO3.
Kata kunci: Hidrolisis asid; holoselulosa; lignin; natrium
karbonat
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: sxchin88@hotmail.com
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