Sains Malaysiana 47(1)(2018): 51–58

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-06

Boron Application in Clay-Loam Soil for Improved Growth, Yield and Protein Contents of Mungbean in Water-Stresses

(Aplikasi Boron dalam Tanah Lom Liat untuk Pertumbuhan yang Lebih Baik, Hasil dan Kandungan Protein Kacang Mung Tegasan-Air)

RIZWAN MAQBOOL^1*, WAQAR ALI¹, MUHAMMAD ATHER NADEEM¹ & TASAWER ABBAS^1,2

¹Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

²Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 W, Altheimer Dr. Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA

Diserahkan: 11 Disember 2016/Diterima: 7 Jun 2017

ABSTRACT

Boron is considered important to improve the drought resistance, yield and protein contents of pulses. Two years of field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of boron application and water stress given at vegetative and flowering stages on growth, yield and protein contents of mungbean during spring 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement giving more emphasis to boron. The experiment comprised three water stress levels (normal irrigation, water stress at vegetative stage and water stress at reproductive phase) and four boron levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha^-1). Final seed yield was significantly increased by different levels of boron application both under normal and water stressed conditions. The increase in yield was mainly due to greater plant height, number of pods bearing branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000-grain weight. Boron application at 4 kg ha-1 caused 17%, 10% and 4% increase in grain yield under normal irrigation, stress at vegetative stage and water stress at reproductive phase, respectively. Protein contents were also increased (9-16%) at same boron treatment. Most parameters showed a marked decrease at higher dose (6 kg ha^-1) of boron. In conclusion, the boron application at rate of 4 kg ha^-1 in clay-loam soil performed the best to enhance mungbean growth, yield and seed protein both under normal and water stressed conditions.

Keywords: Climate change; drought stress tolerance; semi-arid conditions; soil boron application; Vigna radiata

ABSTRAK

Boron dianggap penting untuk meningkatkan kemarau rintangan, hasil dan kandungan protein denyutan. Kajian lapangan selama dua tahun telah dijalankan untuk menilai kesan daripada aplikasi boron dan tegasan air diberikan pada peringkat vegetatif dan pembungaan ke atas kandungan pertumbuhan, hasil dan protein kacang mung semasa musim bunga 2014 dan 2015. Kajian telah dibentangkan dalam reka bentuk blok lengkap dengan susunan split-plot yang memberi lebih banyak penekanan kepada boron. Kajian ini terdiri daripada tiga tahap tekanan air (pengairan biasa, tegasan air pada peringkat vegetatif dan tegasan air pada fasa reproduktif) serta empat tahap boron (0, 2, 4 dan 6 kg ha^-1). Hasil akhir benih meningkat dengan ketara oleh pelbagai peringkat aplikasi boron kedua-dua di bawah keadaan normal dan tegasan air. Peningkatan hasil adalah disebabkan oleh ketinggian tumbuhan, bilangan lengai berdahan, bilangan lengai setiap tumbuhan, bilangan benih setiap lengai dan berat 1000-bijian. Aplikasi boron pada 4 kg ha^-1 menyebabkan 17%, 10% dan 4% peningkatan dalam hasil benih di bawah pengairan biasa, tegasan pada peringkat vegetatif dan tegasan air pada fasa reproduktif. Kandungan protein turut meningkat (9-16%) pada rawatan boron yang sama. Kebanyakan parameter menunjukkan penurunan yang ketara pada dos boron lebih tinggi (6 kg ha^-1). Kesimpulannya, aplikasi boron pada kadar 4 kg ha^-1 dalam tanah lom liat melakukan yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan kacang mung, hasil dan protein benih pada kedua-dua keadaan normal dan tegasan air.

Kata kunci: Aplikasi tanah boron; keadaan separa gersang; perubahan iklim; toleransi tekanan kemarau; Vigna radiate

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