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Sains Malaysiana
47(2)(2018): 243-251
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4702-05
Bacterial Diversity and
Community Structure of Banana Rhizosphere in Orang Asli Fields and Commercial Plantations
(Kepelbagaian Bakteria dan Struktur
Komuniti Rizosfera Pisang di Kebun Orang Asli dan Ladang Komersial)
Jason Yee Neng Lee1,2* & Irene Kit Ping Tan1,2
1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 8 Januari 2017/Diterima: 31 Julai 2017
ABSTRACT
Bacteria play an important
roles in the soil ecosystem and in the rhizosphere, they are intricately
linked to nutrient content and its accessibility to plants, plant
protection and sometimes pathogenicity. Banana grows well in the
tropics and it is popularly grown in Orang Asli (OA) (indigenous
people) settlements. Banana is also grown in commercial plantations.
In traditional planting practices, the OA do not add pesticide
nor fertilizer to their crops which are planted for self-sustenance
mainly. On the other hand, fertilizer and pesticide are added
to commercial banana plantations to maximise yield. Rhizosphere
bacteria from the banana plant, Pisang Nipah, grown in OA fields
and commercial plantations were identified by clone library construction
of the 16S rRNA gene. This was to determine whether farming practices
influenced the bacterial community in the banana plant rhizosphere.
Acidobacteria,
Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were found in all
the soil. Other common phyla found in some soil (but not all)
were Nitrospirae,
Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Verrumicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes
and Cyanobacteria. The bacterial diversity
was a little more diverse in the OA fields than the commercial
plantations. The latter had higher contents of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium. These could have exerted selective pressure to
reduce the bacterial diversity in the commercial plantations.
Keywords: Bacterial community; banana rhizosphere;
commercial plantations; Orang Asli settlements; 16S cloning
ABSTRAK
Bakteria
memainkan peranan penting di dalam ekosistem tanah dan rizosfera,
sifat bakteria yang dinamik dan kompleks boleh memberi kesan positif
atau negatif kepada tumbuh-tumbuhan. Pokok pisang boleh bertumbuh
dengan baik di kawasan tropika dan juga popular ditanam di penempatan
Orang Asli (OA) dan ladang komersial. OA mengamalkan penanaman
tradisi dan tidak menambahkan racun perosak atau baja kepada tanaman
mereka, terutamanya tanaman yang menghasilkan rezeki kepada mereka.
Sebaliknya, ladang pisang komersial mengamalkan penambahan baja
dan racun perosak untuk memaksimumkan hasil pertanian. Rizosfera
bakteria yang dijumpai pada Pisang Nipah yang ditanam di kebun
OA dan ladang komersial telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan klon
gen 16S rRNA. Ini penting untuk menentukan sama ada amalan pertanian
mempengaruhi komuniti bakteria di dalam rizosfera pokok pisang.
Acidobacteria,
Proteobacteria dan Actinobacteria
dijumpai di dalam semua tanah yang dianalisis. Sementara itu,
filum lain yang dijumpai di dalam analisis tanah adalah Nitrospirae,
Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Verrumicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes
dan Cyanobacteria.
Terdapat lebih banyak jenis bakteria dijumpai di dalam OA berbanding
dengan ladang komersial. Ladang komersial mengandungi lebih banyak
kandungan nitrogen, fosforus dan kalium boleh menyebabkan kekurangan
jenis bakteria di dalam ladang komersial. Kata
kunci: Klon 16S; komuniti bakteria; ladang-ladang komersial; penempatan Orang Asli;
rizosfera pokok pisang
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
jasonleeyeeneng@hotmail.com
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