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Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 1051–1060 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-23
Characterization and
Utilization of Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Digesting Thermophilic Bacteria in
Composting Process
(Pencirian dan Penggunaan Enapcemar Kisar Pulpa dan Kertas Menghadamkan Bakteria Termofili dalam Proses Pengkomposan)
NGO THI TUONG CHAU1*, LE VAN THIEN1, PHAM THI NGOC LAN2 & HIROYUKI FUTAMATA3
1University of Science, Vietnam
National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 334 Nguyen Trai,
Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
2Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Vietnam, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue, Vietnam
3Research
Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
Diserahkan: 11
Mei 2017/Diterima: 16 November 2017
ABSTRACT
Pulp and paper mill
sludge (PPMS) was found to be poorly colonised
with thermophilic microorganisms. However, evidence to support
the need for inoculation to facilitate PPMS composting has only been demonstrated
in one instance. In this study, we aimed to: screen and identify
PPMS
digesting thermophilic bacterial strains; investigate
effects of the mixture of selected thermophilic bacterial strains
on PPMS digestion;
and utilize this mixture as start inoculum in PPMS composting
and assess the quality of compost product. The results showed
that eleven thermophilic bacterial strains were isolated from
Bai Bang PPMS by
the enrichment culture method. Among these, three strains which
reflected high growth rates on the plates of Minimal Media Agar
supplemented with Bai Bang PPMS
and showed hydrolytic and ligninolytic
activities on the agar plates containing appropriate inductive
substrates were selected. Based on the morphological, biochemical
characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, they were identified
as Bacillus subtilis. The inoculation with
the mixture of selected strains enhanced remarkably Bai Bang PPMS
digestion. The dry weight decrease, volatile suspended
solids removal, dehydrogenase and protease activities in the inoculated
sludge were 2.1-, 1.5-, 1.3- and 1.2- fold higher, respectively,
compared to the non-inoculated sludge. The assessment of compost
quality based on stability using the alkaline trap method and
maturity using the germination and root elongation test showed
that the inoculated compost was stable and mature while the non-inoculated
compost was unstable and immature. These thermophilic bacterial
strains therefore have great potential for Bai Bang PPMS composting.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; composting; pulp and paper mill sludge;
thermophilic bacteria
ABSTRAK
Enapcemar kisar pulpa
dan kertas (PPMS)
didapati kurang
dipengaruhi oleh mikroorganisma termofili. Walau bagaimanapun, bukti
untuk menyokong
keperluan inokulasi bagi memudahkan pengambilan PPMS hanya
ditunjukkan dalam
satu keadaan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk:
menilai dan
mengenal pasti strain bakteria termofili mencerna PPMS; mengkaji
kesan campuran
strain bakteria termofili yang dipilih pada pencernaan
PPMS;
dan menggunakan
campuran ini sebagai
inokulum permulaan
dalam pengkomposan PPMS
dan menilai
kualiti produk kompos. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sebelas strain bakteria termofili telah diasingkan daripada Bai Bang PPMS dengan
kaedah budaya
pengayaan. Antaranya, tiga strain yang mencerminkan
kadar pertumbuhan tinggi pada plat Minimal Media
Agar ditambah dengan
Bai Bang PPMS dan menunjukkan
aktiviti hidrolitik
dan ligninolitik pada plat agar yang mengandungi
substrat yang sesuai bagi induktif dipilih.
Berdasarkan ciri
morfologi, biokimia dan urutan gen rRNA 16S, ia dikenali sebagaiBacillus subtilis. Inokulasi dengan campuran strain terpilih telah meningkatkan penguraian Bai Bang PPMS. Penurunan
berat badan
kering, aktiviti penyingkiran pepejal terampai, dehidrogenase dan protease dalam enapcemar yang disuntikkan masing-masing adalah 2.1-, 1.5-,
1.3- dan 1.2 kali lebih
tinggi berbanding dengan bukan berasaskan
enapcemar. Penilaian kualiti kompos
berdasarkan kestabilan
menggunakan kaedah perangkap alkali dan kematangan menggunakan percambahan dan pemanjangan akar ujian menunjukkan bahawa kompos yang diinokulasi adalah stabil dan matang
manakala kompos
yang tidak disuntik adalah tidak stabil
dan tidak
matang. Oleh itu strain bakteria termofili mempunyai potensi besar untuk
pengomposan Bai Bang PPMS.
Kata kunci: Bacillus subtilis; bakteria termofili; enapcemar kisar pulpa dan kertas; pengkomposan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: ngotuongchau@hus.edu.vn
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