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Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 871–882 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-02
Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
Surface Sediments of Langkawi Island, Malaysia
(Taburan Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik (HAP)
dalam Permukaan Sedimen di Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia)
TERENCE
RICKY
CHIU1,
MD
FIROZ
KHAN2,
MOHD
TALIB
LATIF1,2,
MOHD
SHAHRUL
MOHD
NADZIR1,2,
HARIS
HAFIZAL
ABDUL
HAMID1,
HAFIDZ
YUSOFF1
1School of
Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Research Centre for
Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Associate Researcher,
Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 15
September 2017/Diterima: 13 Disember 2017
ABSTRACT
The individual
compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)
were studied in the surface sediments at 32 locations in the tourism area of
Langkawi Island. A total of 15 PAHs were determined and
quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The total PAH concentrations of surface sediments from Langkawi
Island ranged from 228.13 to 990.25 ng/g and they were classified as being in
the low to moderate pollution range. All sampling stations were dominated by
high molecular weight PAHs with 4 rings (31.59%) and 5-6
rings (42.73%). The diagnostic ratio results showed that in most cases, the
sampling stations have pyrogenic input. Further analysis using principal
component analysis (PCA) combined with absolute principal
component score (APCS) and multiple linear regression (MLR)
showed that the natural gas emissions contributed to 57% of the total PAH concentration,
22% from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of fuel, 15% from pyrogenic
and petrogenic sources and 6% from an undefined source.
Keywords: APCS;
diagnostic ratio; MLR; PAHs; PCA;
surface sediments
ABSTRAK
Sebatian individu dan
sumber hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik (HAP) telah dikaji di dalam sedimen
permukaan pada 32 lokasi sekitar kawasan pelancongan di Pulau Langkawi.
Sebanyak 15 HAP telah dikenal pasti dan dikira dengan menggunakan kromatografi
gas yang digabungkan dengan spektometri jisim (GC-MS).
Jumlah kepekatan HAP pada sedimen permukaan di Pulau Langkawi
berjulat daripada 229.13 sehingga 990.25 ng/g dan diklasifikasikan
sebagai pencemaran pada julat tahap rendah sehingga sederhana. Kesemua
stesen pensampelan didominasi oleh HAP yang mempunyai berat molekul
yang tinggi dengan 4 cincin (31.59%) dan 5-6 cincin (42.73%). Keputusan
nisbah diagnosis juga menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan stesen pensampelan
tersebut mempunyai input pirogenik. Analisis selanjutnya menggunakan
analisis prinsip komponen (PCA) yang digabungkan dengan prinsip komponen skor mutlak
(APCS)
dan linear regresi pelbagai (MLR) menunjukkan bahawa pelepasan
gas asli menyumbang kepada 57% jumlah keseluruhan kepekatan HAP,
22% daripada pembakaran bahan api yang tidak lengkap dan pirolisis
minyak, 15% daripada sumber pirogenik dan petrogenik dan 6% daripada
sumber yang tidak diketahui puncanya.
Kata kunci: APCS; HAP;
MLR; nisbah diagnosis; PCA;
sedimen permukaan RUJUKAN
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: masni@ukm.edu.my
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