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Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 883–891 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-03
Seasonal Variability and Fractionation of P-Based Nutrients
in Sungai Setiu Basin, Terengganu, Malaysia (Variasi Bermusim dan Fraksinasi Nutrien Berasaskan P di Lembangan
Sungai Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia)
YET YIN HEE1, SUHAIMI SURATMAN1,2*, NORHAYATI MOHD TAHIR1,3 & TIMOTHY JICKELLS4
1Institute of Oceanography and
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
Darul Iman, Malaysia
2Institute
of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
3School
of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
4Centre
for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K.
Diserahkan:
8 Ogos 2017/Diterima: 23 Disember 2017
ABSTRACT
A seasonal study of
phosphorus (P)-based nutrients was carried out in Sungai Setiu basin which is
located in the southern region of the South China Sea (Malaysia) from July 2010
until June 2011. Parameters measured were dissolved inorganic P (DIP),
dissolved organic P (DOP) and total particulate P (TPP).
In addition, DOP concentration was size fractionated into high molecular weight
(HMW,
0.7 μm-100 kDa), middle MW (MMW,
100-30 kDa) and low MW (LMW,
<30 kDa). The results show that the mean concentration of P-based nutrients
ranged between 3.2-7.0 μg/L P for DIP, 5.6-12.1 μg/L P for DOP and
9.2-119.4 μg/L P for TPP. Higher mean concentrations of P
were recorded at urban and agricultural areas. In addition, the distribution of
P was affected by season as higher mean concentrations of P were observed
during the north-east monsoon due to the surface runoff of nutrients during
this heavy raining season. The fractionation study of DOP further
revealed that HMW fraction was abundant in Sungai Setiu, making up
approximately 60% of the total DOP. This high percentage of HMW
DOP was recorded at stations in the vicinity of agriculture area
and towns suggesting an important contribution from anthropogenic activities.
The LMW DOP fraction was not significantly associated with
chlorophyll-a, suggesting that the phytoplankton might not be the predominant
contributor for LMW fraction in this river. We suggest
that these organic nutrient inputs should be monitored as part of the
management of the aquatic system.
Keywords:
Fractionation; monsoon and non-monsoon seasons; seasonal variability; P-based
nutrients; tropical area
ABSTRAK
Kajian variasi nutrien
berasaskan fosforus (P) telah dijalankan di lembangan Sungai Setiu
yang terletak di kawasan selatan perairan Laut China Selatan (Malaysia)
dari Julai 2010 hingga Jun 2011. Parameter yang diukur ialah tak
organik terlarut P (DIP),
organik terlarut P (DOP) dan jumlah partikulat P (TPP).
Tambahan lagi, kepekatan DOP telah difraksikan mengikut saiz kepada
berat molekul tinggi (HMW, 0.7 μm-100 kDa), MW
sederhana (MMW,
100-30 kDa) dan MW rendah (LMW,
<30 kDa). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan purata nutrien berasaskan
P berjulat antara 3.2-7.0 μg/L P untuk DIP,
5.6-12.1 μg/L P untuk DOP dan 9.2-119.4 μg/L P untuk
TPP. Kepekatan purata P adalah tinggi di kawasan perbandaran dan
pertanian. Taburan P juga dipengaruhi oleh musim dengan kepekatan
purata P adalah tinggi semasa monsun timur-laut disebabkan kehadiran
nutrien larut lesap permukaan semasa musim hujan yang lebat. Kajian
fraksinasi DOP seterusnya
mendedahkan bahawa fraksi HMW adalah banyak di Sungai Setiu, merangkumi
lebih kurang 60% jumlah DOP. Peratus HMW
DOP yang
tinggi direkodkan di stesen yang berhampiran dengan kawasan pertanian
dan bandar yang mencadangkan sumbangan penting daripada aktiviti
antropogenik. Fraksi LMW DOP tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan klorofil-a,
bermaksud fitoplankton mungkin bukan penyumbang utama untuk fraksi
LMW
di sungai ini. Kami mencadangkan input organik nutrien
ini seharusnya dipantau sebagai sebahagian daripada pengurusan sistem
akuatik.
Kata kunci: Fraksinasi;
kawasan tropika; variasi bermusim; musim monsun dan bukan monsun; nutrien
berasaskan P
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: miman@umt.edu.my
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