Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 961–969
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-11
Influence of Treated
Palm Oil Mill Effluent Sludge on Maize (Zea mays) Growth Performance and
Gas Exchange
(Pengaruh Enapcemar
Sawit Terawat pada Jagung (Zea mays) untuk Prestasi Pertumbuhan dan
Pertukaran Gas)
MOHD NIZAR, K.,1 ISHARUDIN, M.I.,2* ABD JAMIL, Z.1 & HAZANDY, A.H.3
1Institute of
Agrobiotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Campus Tembila, 22200
Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
2Department of Land
Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Institute of Tropical
Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 22 Jun
2017/Diterima: 19 Disember 2017
ABSTRACT
The presence of
abundant oil palm residues in Malaysia prompted the need to utilize this waste
to avoid environmental pollution. This waste was abundant at the oil palm mill
and accounted for almost 50% of production. The study was conducted to
determine the morphological effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
sludge on the maize growth performance and gas exchange. Physicochemical,
growth morphology and gas exchange was measured after treated with POME sludge from different treatment pond systems: Mixing, anaerobic,
facultative, algae and dumping. The results indicated the pH, C, and CEC of
mixing the < anaerobic < facultative < algae < dumping ponds. There
was a significant presence of macronutrient (N, Mg, Ca, Fe, S) in the treated POME sludge, contrary to the presence of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Ni and
Pb) elements which were not significantly different in all the treatments and
lower than WHO/FAO standard. Root Shoot Ratio (RSR)
and Specific Leaf Area (SLA) indicated significant difference
in biomass accumulation and yield compared to the control. The gas exchange
variable was a significant difference on stomata conductivity (Gs) and
transpiration rate (E). However, the POME sludge from the facultative,
algae and dumping ponds showed positive correlations between net
photosynthesis, stomata conductivity and transpiration rate. Indeed, the
increased transpiration rate (E) was correlated with stomata conductance (Gs)
after treatment with anaerobic, facultative, algae and dumping ponds. In
conclusion, the POME sludge amendment was able to
increase the maize biomass and yield.
Keywords: Gas
exchange; growth performance; POME sludge amendment
ABSTRAK
Kehadiran sisa kelapa
sawit banyak terdapat di Malaysia mendorong keperluan untuk menggunakan sisa
ini untuk mengatasi pencemaran alam sekitar. Sisa yang banyak dihasilkan dari
kilang kelapa sawit efluen (POME) enapcemar dan menyumbang
hampir 50% daripada pengeluaran. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan
kesan morfologi POME kumbahan dan gas pertukaran pada prestasi pertumbuhan
jagung. Fizikokimia, morfologi pertumbuhan dan tindak balas pertukaran gas
untuk jagung (Zea mays) ditanam dengan campuran tanah dan enapcemar POME daripada sistem rawatan kolam berbeza iaitu (campuran, anaerobik,
fakultatif, alga dan lambakan). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pH, C, dan CEC pada
kolam campuran <anaerobik <fakultatif <alga <lambakan. Terdapat
makronutrien iaitu (N, Mg, Ca, Fe, S) dalam enapcemar POME yang
dirawat. Bertentangan dengan kehadiran logam berat (Cd, Cu, Ni dan Pb) unsur
yang tidak berbeza secara ketara dalam semua rawatan dan lebih rendah daripada
piawai WHO/FAO. Nisbah akar pucuk (RSR)
dan khusus kawasan daun (SLA) telah menunjukkan perbezaan yang
ketara dalam pengumpulan biojisim dan hasil berbanding dengan kawalan.
Pertukaran gas parameter tidak jauh berbeza antara rawatan kecuali stomata
kekonduksian (Gs) dan kadar transpirasi (E). Walau bagaimanapun, enapcemar POME daripada fakultatif, alga dan lambakan kolam telah menunjukkan
korelasi positif antara fotosintesis bersih, stomata kekonduksian dan kadar
transpirasi. Malah, peningkatan kadar transpirasi (E) telah dikaitkan dengan
stomata kealiran (Gs) selepas dirawat dengan anaerobik, fakultatif, alga dan
lambakankolam. Kesimpulannya, enap cemar pindaan POME dapat
meningkatkan biojisim dan hasil jagung.
Kata kunci:
Pertukaran gas; POME enapcemar
pindaan; prestasi pertumbuhan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat menyurat; email: imi@upm.edu.my