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Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1657–1664
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-04
Penentuan Tahap Kelangkaan Spesies Tumbuhan
Hutan Tropika sebagai Langkah Pemuliharaan di Rizab Biosfera UNESCO Malaysia
(Determination of Plant Species Rarity Status in
a Tropical Forest as Conservation
Approach at UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia)
NURHANIM, M.N.*
& WAN JULIANA, W.A.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran &
Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 15 September 2017/Diterima: 2
April 2018
ABSTRAK
Pemuliharaan spesies tumbuhan tropika
biasanya terhad kepada faktor taburan spesies di peringkat rantau
Asia Tenggara tanpa mengambil kira faktor julat geografi setempat,
limitasi taburan spesies kepada julat habitat yang khusus dan saiz
populasi di peringkat landskap. Kajian ini melibatkan perbandingan
kelangkaan spesies tumbuhan di tiga zon pengurusan Rizab Biosfera
Tasik Chini (TCBR),
Pahang. Tahap kelangkaan spesies dikelaskan kepada lapan sel (A–H)
berdasarkan Skim Rabinowitz. Penentuan spesies yang endemik turut
dilakukan berdasarkan Turner. Kajian merekodkan 771 spesies tumbuhan
di TCBR.
Sejumlah 600 spesies (77.8%) direkodkan sebagai spesies langka (Sel
B–H) manakala selebihnya (22.2%) adalah spesies yang biasa
ditemui (Sel A). Spesies yang paling langka (Sel H, 49.3%) adalah
spesies dengan geografi yang terbatas, habitat yang khusus dan saiz
populasi yang kecil. Sejumlah 20 spesies tumbuhan direkodkan sebagai
spesies endemik. Dua daripada 20 spesies endemik tersebut ialah
spesies yang biasa ditemui berdasarkan Skim Rabinowitz. Manakala,
empat spesies endemik merupakan spesies langka yang mempunyai julat
geografi yang meluas tetapi mempunyai habitat dan saiz populasi
yang terhad (Sel D) dan 14 spesies endemik selebihnya ialah spesies
yang paling langka (Sel H). Lebih kurang 76% spesies yang tidak
endemik tetapi termasuk dalam kategori spesies langka. Kajian ini
memberi penunjuk bahawa usaha pemuliharaan spesies pada peringkat
landskap seperti TCBR perlu turut mengambil kira tahap
kelangkaan setempat di samping faktor taburan spesies pada peringkat
serantau.
Kata kunci: Rizab biosfera; skim
Rabinowitz; spesies endemik; spesies langka; Tasik Chini
ABSTRACT
Conservation of tropical plant
species is usually limited to the factor of species distribution at the
Southeast Asia regional level without taking into consideration of the factors
of geographical range, species distribution to specific habitat range limitation
and population size at landscape level. This study compared the rarity of plant
species at three management zones of Tasik Chini Biosphere Reserve (TCBR),
Pahang. Species rarity levels were classified into eight cells (A–H)
based on the Rabinowitz Scheme. Species endemism was determined based on
Turner. The study recorded 771 plant species at TCBR.
A total of 600 species (77.8%) were recorded as rare species (Cells B–H)
while the rest (22.2%) were commonly found species (Cell A). The rarest species
(Cell H, 49.29%) were the species with limited geography, specific habitat and
small population size. A total of 20 plant species were documented as endemic
species. Two out of the 20 endemic species were common species based on the
Rabinowitz Scheme. On the other hand, four endemic species were rare species
with a wide geographical range but with limited habitat and population size
(Cell D) and the remaining 14 endemic species were the rarest species (Cell H).
Approximately 76% of species were not endemic but in the category of rare
species. The study indicated that species conservation efforts at landscape
level such as the TCBR should consider the species
rarity at local level on top of the species distribution factor at the regional
level.
Keywords:
Biosphere reserve; Chini Lake; endemic species; Rabinowitz scheme; rare species
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: nur_galaxy@yahoo.com
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