Sains Malaysiana 50(4)(2021): 889-896

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-01

Callus Induction and Regeneration from Germinating Mature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

(Induksi Kalus dan Penjanaan Semula daripada Percambahan Embrio Matang Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.))

SAMIH M. TAMIMI* & HALIMA OTHMAN

Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan

Diserahkan: 20 Februari 2020/Diterima: 19 September 2020

ABSTRACT

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation (48 to 56%) on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.

Keywords: Callus culture; germination; mature embryo; Triticum aestivum; wheat

ABSTRAK

Protokol berprestasi tinggi untuk induksi kalus telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan embrio matang yang dicambah daripada dua kultur gandum tempatan(Triticum aestivum L.) sebagai eksplan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa perkembangan kalus daripada embrio tersebut bercambah dengan cepat bermula sehari selepas kultur dengan kadar induksi 20 hingga 25% lebih tinggi daripada embrio yang direndam. Di samping itu, kadar pertumbuhan kalus yang berkembang daripada embrio bercambah adalah 60 hingga 70% lebih tinggi daripada yang dibiakkan daripada embrio yang direndam. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan frekuensi pembentukan tompok hijau yang lebih banyak (48 hingga 56%) pada kalus yang berasal daripada embrio bercambah dibandingkan dengan kaunterpart yang direndam (24 hingga 28%) menunjukkan potensi pembezaan yang lebih baik daripada kultur kalus yang berasal daripada percambahan embrio. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa percambahan embrio matang lebih sesuai untuk induksi kalus gandum dan pertumbuhan semula berbanding teknik embrio matang direndam yang biasa digunakan untuk kultur kalus gandum.

Kata kunci: Embrio matang; gandum; kultur kalus; percambahan; Triticum aestivum

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: tamimi@ju.edu.jo