Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1663-1672

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-13

Characterization of Bacillus cereus Isolates from Local Dairy Products in Egypt

(Pencirian Pencilan Bacillus cereus daripada Produk Tenusu Tempatan di Mesir)

IBRAHIM MOHAMED AMAN¹, IBRAHIM IBRAHIM AL-HAWARY^1,2, HEBA MUSTAFA KHATTAB³ & IBRAHIM ELSAYED ELDESOUKEY⁴*

¹Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt

²Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Dean of the Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

³Veterinary Medicine Authority, Tanta Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt

⁴Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt

Diserahkan: 13 Mac 2020/Diterima: 8 Oktober 2020

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus is an important, opportunistic, foodborne pathogen found in various dairy products. In this study, the prevalence, physiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profile, and enterotoxigenic genes (ces and hblA) of B. cereus were investigated in isolates from Egyptian dairy products. A total of 150 samples, including soft white cheese, milk powder, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk (50 of each), were collected from local dairy stores in EL-Gharbia governorate, Egypt from April 2019 to October 2019. Of these, 29 samples were contaminated with B. cereus (an overall prevalence of 19.3%). Based on cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics, 48 isolates were detected including 27 (56.25%) from soft white cheese, 9 (18.75%) from milk powder, and 12 (25%) from UHT milk. Antibiotic susceptibility assessment showed that all isolates exhibited high sensitivity to amikacin, doxycyclin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, while significant resistance to kanamycin, clindamycin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, and sulphamethoxazole was also observed. All isolates were examined for the presence of emetic (ces) and diarrheal (hblA) genes using the PCR method; ces was detected in 12 (25%) isolates, hblA in 14 (29.2%) isolates, while 22 (45.8%) isolates did not harbor either gene. These findings indicate the need for the application of adequate preventive measures and personnel hygiene in dairy processing lines to minimize B. cereus load in final products.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Bacillus cereus; dairy products; enterotoxigenic genes

ABSTRAK

Bacillus cereus adalah patogen bawaan makanan yang oportunis dan penting yang terdapat dalam pelbagai produk tenusu. Dalam kajian ini, kelaziman, ciri fisiologi, profil rintangan antimikrob serta gen enterobertoksin (ces dan hblA) daripada pencilanB. cereus dikaji daripada produk tenusu Mesir. Sebanyak 150 sampel, termasuk keju putih lembut, susu tepung dan susu bersuhu tinggi (UHT) (masing-masing 50 sampel), dikumpulkan dari kedai susu tempatan di EL-Gharbia, Mesir dari April 2019 hingga Oktober 2019. Daripada jumlah tersebut, 29 sampel dicemari denganB. cereus (kelaziman keseluruhan 19.3%). Berdasarkan ciri kultur, morfologi dan biokimia, 48 pencilan dikesan termasuk 27 (56.25%) daripada keju putih lembut, 9 (18.75%) daripada susu tepung dan 12 (25%) daripada susu UHT. Penilaian kerentanan antibiotik menunjukkan bahawa kesemua pencilan menunjukkan kepekaan yang sangat tinggi terhadap amikasin, doksisaiklin, gentamaisin, siprofloksasin, sementara ketahanan yang signifikan juga dilihat terhadap kanamaisin, klindamaisin, asid nalidiksik, sefalotin dan sulfametoksazol. Kemua pencilan diperiksa untuk mengenal pasti kehadiran gen emetik (ces) dan diareal (hblA) menggunakan kaedah PCR; ces dikesan pada 12 (25%) pencilan, hblA di dalam 14 (29.2%) pencilan, sementara itu, 22 (45.8%) pencilan tidak mempunyai gen. Penemuan ini menunjukkan perlunya ada penerapan langkah pencegahan dan kebersihan peribadi yang mencukupi dalam pemprosesan tenusu untuk meminimumkan kehadiranB. cereus dalam produk akhir.

Kata kunci: Bacillus cereus; gen enterotoksigenik; kerentanan antibiotik; produk tenusu

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ibrahim543@yahoo.com