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Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3765-3774
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-20
Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Thermal Properties of Scrap
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(Kesan Sinaran Elektron ke atas Sifat Terma Pepejal Politetrafluoroetilena)
SIVANESAN APPADU1,*, CHANTARA THEVY RATNAM1, SAHRIM
AHMAD2, RUEY SHAN CHEN2, TEO MING TING1 &
THUMMALAPALLI C.S.M. GUPTA3
1Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian
Nuclear Agency, 43000 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Research and Development, Apar Industries Limited, Chembur 400071, Mumbai, India
Diserahkan: 10 Februari 2022/Diterima: 15 Julai 2022
Abstract
This study is focused on analyzing the effects of
electron beam (EB) irradiation at high doses and normal atmospheric conditions
on the thermal stability of scrap polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid to
facilitate the recycling process of the material by grinding it into
micro-powder additives for various applications.
In this work, PTFE scrap with
thickness not exceeding 1 mm was irradiated in doses between 0 - 1500 kGy using an electron beam accelerator machine (EBM) with a
voltage energy of 3 MeV and current of 10 mA and grinded into powder by using a
laboratory mill. The changes in morphology of the grinded powder, crystallinity
and thermal properties of PTFE with increasing irradiation dose was studied by
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
photomicrographs obtained from SEM showed that the particle size of the grinded
micro-powder decreases with increasing irradiation dose with best results
observed at 1500 kGy dose. DSC analysis showed that the crystallization temperature (Tc)
and melting temperature (Tm) decreases
with increasing irradiation doses as
a result of lower molecular weight. XRD analysis of the irradiated PTFE indicated that
the intensity of the peak had increased with increasing doses of irradiation
due to the increase in crystallinity of the material. The distinctly shorter derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) peak height at 1500 kGy shows higher rate of mass loss at that dose due to the rapid loss of mechanical properties caused by
degradation.
Keywords: Degradation; electron beam; irradiation; micro-powder;
polytetrafluoroethylene
Abstrak
Kajian ini ditumpukan kepada analisis kesan sinaran elektron (EB) pada dos sinaran yang tinggi dan dalam keadaan atmosfera biasa terhadap kestabilan terma sisa bahan pepejal politetrafluoroetilena (PTFE) untuk memudahkan proses pengitaran semula dengan mengisarkannya kepada bahan tambahan dalam bentuk serbuk bersaiz mikron untuk digunakan dalam pelbagai jenis aplikasi. Sisa bahan PTFE dalam bentuk kepingan dengan ketebalan tidak melebihi 1 mm disinarkan pada dos antara 0 - 1500 kGy dengan menggunakan mesin pemecut alur elektron (EBM) dengan tenaga voltan sebanyak 3 MeV dan arus alur elektrik 10 mA dan dikisarkan menjadi serbuk dengan menggunakan mesin pengisar makmal. Perubahan morfologi serbuk yang dikisarkan, sifat kehabluran dan sifat terma bahan PTFE dengan peningkatan dalam dos sinaran dikaji dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbasan (SEM), analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), analisis termogravimetri (TGA) dan kalorimetri pengimbasan pembezaan (DSC). Fotomikrograf yang diperoleh daripada analisis SEM menunjukkan bahawa saiz partikel serbuk mikro yang dikisar menjadi lebih kecil dengan peningkatan dalam dos penyinaran sehingga 1500 kGy. Analisis DSC menunjukkan bahawa suhu penghabluran (Tc) dan suhu lebur (Tm) berkurangan dengan peningkatan dalam dos penyinaran disebabkan nilai berat molekul yang menjadi lebih rendah. Analisis XRD bagi bahan PTFE yang disinarkan menunjukkan bahawa keamatan puncak meningkat dengan peningkatan dalam dos penyinaran disebabkan oleh peningkatan dalam sifat kehabluran bahan tersebut. Keamatan puncak termogravimetrik terbitan (DTG) yang jauh lebih rendah pada 1500 kGy juga menunjukkan kadar kehilangan jisim yang lebih tinggi disebabkan oleh degradasi serta kehilangan sifat mekanikal yang ketara pada dos berkenaan.
Kata kunci: Alur elektron; degradasi; penyinaran; politetrafluoroetilena; serbuk bersaiz mikro
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: siddhar131@gmail.com
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