Sains Malaysiana 51(12)(2022):
3981-3993
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-09
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Levels and Toxicity in Herbal Teas Marketed in Malaysia using QuEChERS and GC-FID
(Tahap dan Ketoksikan Hidrokarbon Polisiklik Aromatik (PAH) dalam Teh Herba di Pasaran Malaysia menggunakan QuEChERS dan GC-FID)
AZRINA
AZIZ1, KHAIRIAH ABD KARIM1,*,
MOHD AZMIER AHMAD1 & MOHAMAD JEMAIN MOHAMAD RIDHWAN2
1School of
Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
2Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
25 Januari 2022/Diterima: 2 Ogos 2022
Abstract
In line
with the growing health trend in Malaysia, more consumers drink herbal tea for
medicinal benefits. However, herbal tea products could
be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from various
production sources. There is a little study focused on the detection of PAHs in
herbal tea species distributed in Malaysia. This
study was performed to investigate PAHs content
and toxicity in selected commercial herbal teas in Malaysia. A total of seven
different Malaysian herbal tea samples were extracted using QuEChERS extraction method and the contamination level of PAHs were evaluated using gas
chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID). The total content
of 10 PAHs (∑10PAHs) in the herbal tea samples ranged from 2.53
to 9.39 µg/kg. Acenaphthene, fluorene,
phenanthrene and anthracene were the most abundant compounds with 53%
contribution of all PAHs content. All tested herbal teas species showed
low toxic equivalency (TEQ) values ranging from 0.0027 to 0.1148. The least
contaminated samples were Strobilanthes crispus, Senna alata, Orthosiphon aristatus, Clinacanthus nutans, and Stevia rebaudiana.
Keywords: Gas
chromatography - flame ionization detector; herbal tea; polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons; QuEChERS; toxic equivalency; toxic
equivalent factors
Abstrak
Seiring dengan perkembangan amalan kesihatan yang semakin meningkat di Malaysia, lebih ramai pengguna meminum teh herba untuk manfaat perubatan. Walau bagaimanapun, produk teh herba boleh tercemar dengan hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatik (PAH) daripada pelbagai sumber. Kajian yang memfokuskan pada pengesanan PAHs dalam spesies teh herba yang diedarkan di Malaysia adalah sedikit. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kandungan PAH dan ketoksikannya dalam teh herba komersial terpilih di
Malaysia. Sebanyak tujuh sampel teh herba Malaysia yang berbeza telah diekstrak menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan QuEChERS dan tahap pencemaran PAH telah dinilai menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC) dengan pengesan pengionan nyalaan (FID). Jumlah kandungan 10 PAH (∑10PAH) dalam sampel teh herba ialah antara 2.53 hingga 9.39 µg/kg. Asenaftena, fluorena, fenantrena dan antracena adalah sebatian yang paling banyak dengan sumbangan 53% daripada semua kandungan PAH. Semua spesies teh herba yang diuji menunjukkan nilai kesetaraan toksik (TEQ) yang rendah antara 0.0027 hingga 0.1148. Sampel yang paling kurang tercemar ialah Strobilanthes crispus (pecah beling), Senna alata (gelenggang), Orthosiphon aristatus (misai kucing), Clinacanthus nutans (belalai gajah) dan Stevia rebaudiana (stevia).
Kata kunci: Faktor kesetaraan toksik; hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatik; kesetaraan toksik; kromatografi gas - pengesan pengionan nyalaan; QuEChERS; teh herba
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: chkhairiah@usm.my
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