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Sains Malaysiana 51(12)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-08
Removal of Bisphenol S from Aqueous
Solution using Activated Carbon Derived from Rambutan Peel via Microwave
Irradiation Technique
(Penyingkiran Bisfenol S daripada Larutan Akueus menggunakan Karbon Teraktif Terbitan daripada Kulit Rambutan melalui Teknik Penyinaran Gelombang Mikro)
AZRINA
AZIZ, MOHAMAD FIRDAUS MOHAMAD YUSOP & MOHD AZMIER AHMAD*
School of
Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
30 Mac 2022/Diterima: 19 Ogos 2022
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) was introduced to replace Bisphenol A (BPA) in plastic
production. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that BPS is toxic. This
study explores the conversion of rambutan peel into rambutan peel-based
activated carbon (RPAC) via the economic route of single-stage microwave
irradiation technique at radiation power and radiation time of 440 W and 6 min,
respectively, under CO2 gasification. The resulted RPAC posed BET
surface area of 402.68 m2/g, mesopores surface area of 332.98 m2/g,
total pore volume of 0.23 cm3/g, and average pore diameter of 2.26
nm, which lies in the mesopores region. The surface of RPAC was filled with
various functional groups such as methylene, aliphatic fluoro,
phenol, nitro, and alkyl compounds. Adsorption of BPS onto RPAC achieved
equilibrium faster at lower BPS initial concentration as compared to the higher
ones. Isotherm study found that the Langmuir model suits this adsorption
process the best with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 27.89 mg/g
whereas the kinetic study showed that pseudo-second order (PSO) represented the
kinetic data the best. Intraparticle diffusion plots suggested that the
adsorption process consisted of three regions and each region was controlled by
a different type of diffusion mechanism. Boyd plot confirmed that film
diffusion was responsible for the slowest step in the adsorption process whilst
thermodynamic parameters disclosed that adsorption of BPS onto RPAC was
spontaneous, exothermic, governed by physisorption, and the randomness of the
adsorption process was found to reduce at the solid-liquid interface.
Keywords: Activated carbon;
adsorption process; bisphenol S; Nephelium lappaceum L.;
microwave heating
Abstrak
Bisfenol S (BPS) telah diperkenalkan untuk menggantikan Bisfenol A (BPA) dalam penghasilan plastik. Namun, kajian terkini mendapati BPS juga bersifat toksik. Kajian ini menerokai penghasilan karbon teraktif berasaskan kulit rambutan (RPAC) daripada kulit rambutan melalui proses pemanasan sinaran gelombang mikro satu langkah yang menjimatkan pada kuasa dan masa pengaktifan masing-masing pada 440 W dan 6 minit di bawah aliran karbon dioksida,
CO2. RPAC yang terhasil memiliki luas permukaan BET 402.68 m2/g, luas permukaan liang meso 332.98 m2/g, jumlah isi padu liang 0.23 cm3/g dan purata diameter liang
2.26 nm, yang terletak di dalam julat liang meso. Permukaan RPAC terdapat pelbagai kumpulan berfungsi seperti metilena, fluoro alifatik, fenol, nitro dan sebatian alkil. Penjerapan BPS oleh RPAC mencapai keseimbangan lebih pantas pada kepekatan BPS yang lebih rendah berbanding yang lebih tinggi. Kajian isoterma mendapati proses penjerapan mengikuti model garis sesuhu Langmuir terbaik dengan kapasiti penjerapan 27.89 mg/g manakala kajian kinetik mendapati pseudo tertib kedua mengikuti data kinetik yang terbaik. Plot resapan intrazarah mencadangkan proses penjerapan terbina daripada tiga bahagian dan setiap bahagian dikawal oleh mekanisme resapan yang berbeza. Plot Boyd mengesahkan resapan filem bertanggungjawab sebagai langkah terlambat di dalam proses penjerapan manakala parameter termodinamik mengesahkan penjerapan BPS oleh RPAC berlaku secara spontan, eksotermik, dikawal oleh fisiserapan dan kerawakan proses penjerapan didapati berkurang antara muka pepejal-cecair.
Kata kunci: Bisfenol S; karbon teraktif; Nephelium lappaceum L., pemanasan gelombang mikro; proses penjerapan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chazmier@usm.my
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