Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 149-159

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-12

Electrochemical Degradation of Methylene Blue using Ce(Iv) Ionic Mediator in the Presence of Ag(I) Ion Catalyst for Environmental Remediation

(Degradasi Elektrokimia bagi Metilena Biru menggunakan Perantara Ion Ce(Iv) dengan Kehadiran Pemangkin Ion Ag(I) untuk Pemulihan Alam Sekitar)

HENRY SETIYANTO^1,2*, FENI MUSTIKA SARI¹, MUHAMMAD YUDHISTIRA AZIS¹, RIA SRI RAHAYU¹, AMMINUDIN SULAEMAN¹, MUHAMMAD ALI ZULFIKAR¹, DIAH RATNANINGRUM³ & VIENNA SARASWATY³

¹Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

²Center for Defense and Security Research, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

³Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 14 Januari 2021/Diterima: 9 Mei 2021

ABSTRACT

Methylene blue (MB) is often used in textile industries and is actively present in the wastewater runs-off. Recently, mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) offers a fast, reliable and promising results for environmental remediation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the electro-degradation potential of MB by MEO using Ce(IV) ionic mediator. Furthermore, we also observed the influence of addition Ag(I) ion catalyst in MEO for degradation of MB. The electro-degradation of MB was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry technique and was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and back-titration analysis. The results showed that in the absence of Ag(I) ion catalyst, about 89 % of MB was decolorized within 30 min. When 2 mM of Ag(I) ion catalyst was applied, the electro-degradation of MB was increased to maximum value of 100%. The UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the electro-degradation of MB as suggested by decreased maximum absorbance value at λ 668 nm from 2.125 to 0.059. The HPLC analysis showed the formation of five new peaks at retention time of 1.331, 1.495, 1.757, 1.908, and 2.017 min, confirming the electro-degradation of MB. The back-titration analysis showed about 52.9% of CO₂ was produced during electro-degradation of MB by MEO. More importantly, more than 97% of Ce(IV) ionic mediator were recovered in our investigation. Our results showed the potential of MEO using Ce(IV) ionic mediator to improve the wastewater runs-off quality from textile as well as other industries containing methylene blue.

Keywords: Ag(I); Ce(IV); ionic mediator; mediated electrochemical oxidation; methylene blue

ABSTRAK

Metilena biru (MB) sering digunakan dalam industri tekstil dan terdapat secara aktif dalam aliran air buangan. Baru-baru ini, pengoksidaan elektrokimia pengantara (MEO) menawarkan hasil yang pantas, boleh dipercayai dan menjanjikan pemulihan bagi alam sekitar. Oleh itu, potensi elektro-degradasi MB oleh MEO menggunakan perantara ion Ce(IV) dinilai. Tambahan pula, pengaruh penambahan mangkin ion Ag(I) dalam MEO untuk degradasi MB dapat dilihat. Elektro-degradasi bagi MB dinilai menggunakan teknik voltametri kitaran dan disahkan oleh spektrofotometri UV-Vis, analisis kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC) dan analisis pentitratan balik. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa dengan ketiadaan mangkin ion Ag(I), kira-kira 89% MB telah dinyahwarna dalam masa 30 minit. Apabila 2 mM mangkin ion Ag(I) digunakan, elektro-degradasi MB meningkat kepada 100%. Spektrum UV-Vis mengesahkan elektro-degradasi MB seperti yang dicadangkan oleh penurunan nilai penyerapan maksimum pada λ 668 nm daripada 2.125 kepada 0.059. Analisis HPLC menunjukkan pembentukan lima puncak baharu pada masa penahanan 1.331, 1.495, 1.757, 1.908 dan 2.017 min. Analisis pentitratan balik menunjukkan sebanyak 52.9% CO₂ dihasilkan semasa elektro-degradasi MB oleh MEO. Lebih penting lagi, lebih daripada 97% perantara ion Ce(IV) telah ditemui dalam kajian ini. Keputusan ini menunjukkan tentang potensi MEO menggunakan perantara ion Ce(IV) untuk meningkatkan kualiti aliran air buangan daripada tekstil serta industri lain yang mengandungi metilena biru.

Kata kunci: Ag(I); Ce(IV); metilena biru; pengoksidaan elektrokimia berperantara; perantara ion

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: henry@chem.itb.ac.id