Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023):
187-197
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-15
Immunophenotyping of Gastritis, Gastric
Ulcer and Gastric Cancer using a Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antibody
Microarray
(Imunofenotip Gastritis, Ulser Gaster dan Kanser Gaster
menggunakan Mikroarai Antibodi Kelompok Pembezaan (CD))
ALFIZAH HANAFIAH1,*,
ASIF SUKRI2, NIK RITZA KOSAI3, MOHAMAD AZNAN SHUHAILI3,
MUSTAFA MOHAMMED TAHER3 & RAJA AFFENDI RAJA ALI4
1Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal
Territory, Malaysia
2Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM), Puncak Alam, 42300
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras,
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras,
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
23 September 2021/Diterima: 11 Oktober 2022
Abstract
One
of the factors that contribute to the development of gastric cancer is the host
immune response. Extensive immunophenotype of gastric cancer can be identified
by using antibody microarray technique that profiles more than 100 cluster of
differentiation (CD) antigens in parallel. In this study, we used DotScanTM antibody microarray to profile CD
antigen expression in patients with distinct digestive diseases for surface
antigen disease-signatures. Patients’ blood samples with gastric disorders and
healthy controls were taken and processed for leukocytes isolation using Histopaque density gradient centrifugation. Leukocytes were
captured onto DotScanTM slides and cell
binding densities were analyzed using DotReaderTM.
Different groups of gastric diseases were found to be characterized by
differentially expressed distinct CD antigens. Compared to normal healthy
controls, 17, two and four highly expressed CD antigens were identified in
gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer patients, respectively. The 17 CD
antigens that show differential expression in gastritis were CD15, CD16, CD20,
CD23, CD24, CD25, CD28, CD34, CD37, CD77, CD102, CD103, CD122, CD128, CD10,
CD183, and CD184. High expression of
CD64 and CD69 were found in gastric ulcer, whereas CD52, CD126, CD135, and CD121a
were highly expressed in gastric cancer. CD antigens involve in T-cell
functions had reduced expression in gastric cancer, while proinflammatory
cytokines shows increased expression. These results demonstrate specific
immunophenotype of CD antigens in patients with various gastric diseases and
identification of differential expressed surface antigens may have clinical
significance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Keywords:
Cluster of differentiation antigen; gastric cancer; gastric ulcer; gastritis;
immunophenotype
ABSTRAK
Salah satu faktor yang menyumbang kepada perkembangan kanser perut adalah tindak balas imun perumah. Pengenalpastian imunofenotip kanser perut yang meluas dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik mikroarai antibodi yang memaparkan lebih daripada 100 kelompok antigen pembezaan (CD) secara serentak. Dalam kajian ini, mikroarai antibodi DotScanTM digunakan untuk memprofil pengekspresan antigen CD pada pesakit dengan penyakit pencernaan untuk mengenal pasti penanda antigen permukaan pada pelbagai jenis penyakit pencernaan. Sampel darah pesakit dengan penyakit gaster dan individu kawalan sihat diambil dan diproses untuk pengasingan leukosit menggunakan kaedah emparan kecerunan Histopaque. Leukosit ditangkap ke atas slaid DotScanTM dan kepadatan pengikatan antigen dan antibodi dianalisis menggunakan DotReaderTM. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan kumpulan penyakit gaster yang berlainan dapat dicirikan oleh ekspresi kelompok antigen CD yang berbeza. Berbanding dengan kawalan normal yang sihat, 17, dua dan empat antigen CD yang diekspres secara berbeza dikenal pasti masing-masing pada pesakit gastritis, ulser gaster dan kanser perut. 17 antigen CD
yang menunjukkan perbezaan ekspresi dalam gastritis adalah CD15, CD16, CD20, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD28, CD34,
CD37, CD77, CD102, CD103, CD122, CD128, CD10, CD183 dan CD184. Ekspresi CD64 dan CD69 yang tinggi didapati pada penyakit ulser gaster, manakala ekspresi yang tinggi CD52,
CD126, CD135 dan CD121a dilihat pada penyakit kanser perut. Antigen CD yang terlibat dalam fungsi sel-T mengalami penurunan ekspresi pada kanser perut, manakala sitokin proinflamasi menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan imunofenotip antigen CD adalah khusus pada pesakit dengan pelbagai penyakit gaster dan pengenalpastian antigen permukaan yang diekspres secara berbeza mungkin mempunyai kepentingan klinikal bagi tujuan diagnostik dan rawatan penyakit.
Kata kunci: Gastritis; imunofenotip; kanser perut; kelompok antigen pembezaan; ulser gaster
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: alfizah@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
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