Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 35-46

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-03

Cytoskeletal Morphological Changes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Oxidant Damage and its Prevention by Thymoquinone

(Perubahan Morfologi Sitokerangka Sel Stem Mesenkima selepas Kerosakan Oksidan dan Pencegahannya oleh Timoquinon)

SUHAIMI DRAMAN¹, NURUL KABIR^1,* & DURRIYYAH SHARIFAH HASAN ADLI²

¹Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Centre for Civilisational Dialogue, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 September 2021/Diterima: 3 November 2022

Abstract

The functional integrity of the cytoskeleton of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is essential for its differentiation into multiple cell lineages including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. Abnormalities in the cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and microtubule can cause disrupted cell signalling and irregular movements of organelles leading to cell death. This study investigated cytoskeletal and nuclear morphological changes of the MSC due to oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and the possible prevention of these changes by the antioxidant thymoquinone (TQ). Bone marrow MSCs from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured and treated with different concentrations of H₂O₂ with or without TQ to observe the potential protective activity. Triple-label fluorescence immunocytochemistry was performed post-treatment to observe the nucleus, actin and microtubules using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Alexa Fluor 488-labelled phalloidin and Cy3-labelled anti-tubulin antibody, respectively. The normal stem cell cytoskeleton demonstrated intact actin and microtubule structures along with normal appearance of the nucleus. However, oxidative damage by H₂O₂ caused a severe disruption of the cytoskeletal morphology of the actin and microtubule along with apoptosis and necrosis of the nucleus. Interestingly, both immunocytochemical and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) results showed that these morphological changes were prevented by TQ at low concentrations while higher concentrations of TQ were harmful. This study suggested that TQ could save MSCs from oxidative-induced cell death.

Keywords: Cytoskeleton; oxidative damage; stem cell; thymoquinone

Abstrak

Keutuhan fungsi sitokerangka sel induk mesenkima (MSCs) adalah penting untuk pembezaannya kepada pelbagai keturunan sel termasuk adiposit, kondrosit dan osteoblas. Keabnormalan dalam protein sitokerangka seperti aktin dan mikrotubul boleh mengakibatkan isyarat sel terganggu dan pergerakan organel tidak teratur yang membawa kepada kematian sel. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji perubahan morfologisitokerangka dan nukleus MSC akibat kerosakan oksidatif oleh hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) dan kemungkinan pencegahan perubahan ini oleh antioksidan, timoquinon (TQ). MSC sumsum tulang daripada tikus Sprague Dawley telah dikulturkan dan dirawat dengan kepekatan H₂O₂ yang berbeza dengan atau tanpa TQ untuk mencerap potensi aktiviti perlindungan. Imunositokimia triple-label fluorescence telah dilakukan selepas rawatan untuk mencerap nukleus, aktin dan mikrotubul sel menggunakan masing-masing 4’,6-diamidino-2-fenilindol (DAPI), faloidin terlabel Alexa Fluor 488 dan antibodi anti-tubulin terlabel Cy3. Sitokerangka sel induk normal menunjukkan struktur aktin dan mikrotubul yang utuh berserta dengan penampilan normal nukleus. Walau bagaimanapun, kerosakan oksidatif oleh H₂O₂ mengakibatkan gangguan teruk ke atas morfologi sitokerangka aktin dan mikrotubul berserta dengan apoptosis dan nekrosis nukleus. Menariknya, kedua-dua hasil imunositokimia dan Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS) menunjukkan bahawa perubahan morfologi ini dihalang oleh TQ pada kepekatan rendah manakala kepekatan TQ yang lebih tinggi adalah berbahaya. Kajian ini menyarankan bahawa TQ boleh menyelamatkan MSC daripada kematian sel yang disebabkan oleh oksidan.

Kata kunci: Kerosakan oksidatif; sel induk; sitokerangka; timoquinon

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