Sains Malaysiana
52(2)(2023): 467-476
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-11
Effect
of Temperature on Germination, Radial Growth, and Sporulation of the New
Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Their Virulence
to Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
(Kesan Suhu terhadap Percambahan,
Pertumbuhan Jejari dan Pensporaan Pencilan Baharu Metarhizium anisopliae dan Kevirulen terhadap Lalat Putih, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae))
IBRAHIM SANI1,2, SYARI JAMIAN1,3, SITI IZERA ISMAIL1,3,
NORSAZILAWATI SAAD1, SUMAIYAH ABDULLAH1, ERNEEZA MOHD HATA4 & JOHARI
JALINAS5,*
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of
Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and
Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, P.M.B., Katsina 2218, Nigeria
3Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production,
Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Laboratory
of Sustainable Agronomy & Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
5Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Centre for Insect
Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of
Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
26 April 2022/Diterima: 22 Disember 2022
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) to control
insect pests in Malaysia, yet little is known about the temperature influence
on its growth and efficacy. The average daily temperature in Malaysia is
between 21 °C and 32 °C, with some parts of Cameron Highland in Peninsular
Malaysia experiencing temperatures as low as 14 °C. Therefore, for effective
field application, the most effective EPF isolates should be tolerant to the
temperature of the country. Here we conducted a laboratory experiment to determine the effects of average daily temperatures in
Malaysia (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on conidial germination, radial growth, and
conidial density of seven new isolates of M. anisopliae. However, at 25
and 30°C, the three isolates (Ma-2, Ma-9, and Ma-15) produced the highest number of
conidia and were therefore selected for virulence test against the second instar of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The percentage mortality of the three isolates ranged
between 36.1% and 97.7% across different temperatures for 7 days
post-treatment. The isolates Ma-15 caused the highest percentage mortality of
97.7% and the shortest LT50 and LT90 values (1.68 and
3.98 days, respectively), at 30 °C incubation temperature. This study confirms
that the growth and virulence of Malaysian isolates of M. anisopliae are
strongly influenced by temperature and could be used as promising candidates
for biocontrol of B. tabaci on vegetables planted in a tropical climate
such as that of low land and highland in Malaysia, although extensive field and
semi-field bioassays, as well as the development of ideal formulation, are
still required.
Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; entomopathogenic fungui; Metarhizium anisopliae; percentage
mortality; temperature
Abstrak
Metarhizium anisopliae merupakan kulat
entomopatogen (EPF) yang berpotensi untuk mengawal perosak serangga di
Malaysia. Namun, pertumbuhan EPF bergantung pada suhu. Purata suhu harian di
Malaysia adalah antara 21 °C dan 32 °C, dengan beberapa bahagian Tanah Tinggi
Cameron di Semenanjung Malaysia mengalami suhu serendah 14 °C. Oleh
itu, untuk aplikasi lapangan yang berkesan dan pencilan EPF yang paling
berkesan ialah suhu setempat. Di sini, kami menjalankan uji kaji makmal untuk
menentukan kesan purata suhu harian di Malaysia (15, 20, 25 dan 30 °C) terhadap
percambahan konidium, pertumbuhan jejari dan ketumpatan konidium bagi tujuh
pencilan baharu M. anisopliae. Walau bagaimanapun, pada suhu 25 dan 30
°C, ketiga-tiga pencilan (Ma-2, Ma-9, dan Ma-15)
menghasilkan bilangan konidia tertinggi dan oleh itu dipilih untuk ujian
virulen terhadap instar kedua bagi lalat putih, Bemisia tabaci.
Peratusan kematian ketiga-tiga pencilan adalah antara 36.1% dan 97.7% merentasi
suhu berbeza selama 7 hari selepas rawatan. Pencilan Ma-15 menyebabkan
peratusan kematian tertinggi iaitu 97.7% dan nilai LT50 dan LT90 terendah (masing-masing 1.68 dan 3.98 hari) pada suhu inkubasi 30 °C. Kajian
ini mengesahkan bahawa pertumbuhan dan virulen pencilan M. anisopliae Malaysia sangat dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan boleh digunakan sebagai kawalan
biologi yang berpotensi terhadap B. tabaci pada sayur-sayuran yang
ditanam di iklim tropika seperti tanah rendah dan tanah tinggi di Malaysia,
namun begitu, ujian lapangan dan semi-bioasai, serta pembangunan formulasi yang
ideal masih diperlukan.
Kata kunci: Bemisia tabaci; kulat entomopatogen; Metarhizium anisopliae;
peratusan kematian; suhu
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat: email: johari_j@ukm.edu.my
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