Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 487-499
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-13
Effects of Water Addition Level on
Physical Properties, Rheological Profile and Sensory Evaluation of Gluten-Free
Bread: A Preliminary Approach
(Kesan Tahap Penambahan Air pada Sifat Fizikal, Profil Reologi dan
Penilaian Sensori Roti Tanpa Gluten: Suatu Pendekatan Awal)
NORASHIKIN
MOHD ZAIN1, MAARUF ABD. GHANI2,* & ZALIFAH MOHD KASIM1
1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
2Faculty of Fisheries & Food Science, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Jun 2022/Diterima: 11 November 2022
Abstract
The amount of water in gluten-free recipes is very
important to the quality of the end product. The research aimed to develop an
alternative formula for gluten-free bread using different water levels. This
research was conducted to determine the physical properties, rheological
profile and sensory evaluation of natural gluten-free bread produced by adding
different water levels to the recipe without adding hydrocolloid. Five types of
bread with different levels of water at (A) 80%; (B) 90%; (C) 100%; (D) and
control dough: 105% (control 1); (E) 60% (wheat bread-control 2) of the flour basis were investigated. Control
1 is the standard level of water for making gluten-free bread, while control 2
is the standard level of water for preparing wheat bread. Sample A has a lighter
crust and crumbs, as well as a white index value and lower ΔE values
comparable to wheat bread, better volume, increased pore size sharply and shows
higher G' and G". G' decreased as the amount of water in the dough
increased. All dough formulations had higher gelatinisation enthalpy change
(ΔH) values than sample A and sample E. The bakery sector could use the
findings to design and reformulate the recipes of diabetic and/or reduced
calorie and gluten-free bread recipes to better fulfill consumers' expectations.
Keywords:
Gluten-free bread; physical properties; rheology; sensory evaluation; water
levels
Abstrak
Kandungan air
dalam resipi bebas gluten adalah sangat penting untuk kualiti produk akhir.
Penyelidikan bertujuan untuk membangunkan formula alternatif roti bebas gluten
menggunakan tahap air yang berbeza. Penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menentukan
kualiti terutama dari segi sifat fizikal dan profil reologi roti bebas gluten
semula jadi yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan tahap air yang berbeza daripada
komposisi resipi tanpa penambahan hidrokoloid. Lima jenis roti dengan tahap air
yang berbeza pada (A) 80%, (B) 90%, (C) 100%, (D) 105% (kawalan 1) dan (E) 60%
(tepung gandum-kawalan 2) - daripada asas tepung, telah dikaji. Kawalan 1 ialah
paras air piawai untuk menghasilkan roti bebas gluten, manakala kawalan 2 ialah
paras air piawai untuk menyediakan roti gandum. Sampel A mempunyai kerak dan
serbuk roti yang lebih ringan, serta nilai indeks putih dan nilai ΔE yang
lebih rendah setanding dengan roti gandum, isi padu yang lebih baik, saiz liang
meningkat secara mendadak dan menunjukkan G' dan G” yang lebih tinggi. G'
berkurangan apabila jumlah air dalam doh bertambah. Semua formulasi doh
mempunyai nilai perubahan entalpi penggelatinan (ΔH) yang lebih tinggi
daripada sampel A dan sampel E. Sektor bakeri boleh menggunakan penemuan ini
untuk membentuk dan merumuskan semula resipi roti bebas gluten untuk diabetes
dan/atau kalori berkurangan untuk memenuhi jangkaan pengguna dengan lebih baik.
Kata kunci: Paras air; penilaian sensori; reologi;
roti bebas gluten; sifat fizikal
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: maaruf@umt.edu.my
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