Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 589-597

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-20

Electrocardiogram Analysis of Hyperlipidemia-Induced Wistar Rats using Wireless Mice Electrocardiogram

(Analisis Elektrokardiogram Tikus Wistar Aruhan Hiperlipidemia menggunakan Elektrokardiogram Tikus Tanpa Wayar)

HARFI MAULANA¹, AHMAD RIDWAN^{1,2 *}, SUPRIJANTO³, SHANTY RAHAYU KUSUMAWARDANI² & LULU LUSIANTI FITRI^1,2

¹Biotechnology Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40312 Indonesia

²Biology Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40312 Indonesia

³Engineering Physics Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40312 Indonesia

Diserahkan: 14 Mac 2022/Diterima: 27 Disember 2022

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a life-threatening disease caused by obstruction of the coronary arteries that interferes with blood flow known as atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor of atherosclerosis, is characterized by excessive concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides with low concentrations of HDL. A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis, CHD, and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to measure electrocardiography (ECG) waves of hyperlipidemia-induced rats. Twenty rats were fed different diets for eight weeks, i.e., the control group (normal diet) and the HFD group (high-fat diet). Their ECG was recorded using a Wireless Mice Electrocardiogram (WIM ECG) for 5-10 min. After eight weeks, the HFD group showed a significantly higher lipid profile concentration (cholesterol: 179.03 mg/dL, triglyceride: 149.11 mg/dL, LDL: 123 mg/dL, HDL: 29.15 mg/dL) than the control. This hyperlipidemic condition causes a significant change in some characteristics of the ECG wave. At week 8, the characteristic ECG wave duration for the HFD groups was RR intervals (176.5 ms), QT intervals (123.5 ms), T waves (33.6 ms), P wave (27.4 ms), QRS interval (64.9 ms), ST-segment (23.7 ms), and heart rate (334 bpm). This study concludes that long-period HFD feeding in rats leads to hyperlipidemia and causes changes in the characteristics of ECG waves.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; electrocardiogram; high-fat diet; hyperlipidemia; WIM ECG

Abstrak

Penyakit jantung koronari (CHD) ialah penyakit yang mengancam nyawa yang disebabkan oleh penyumbatan arteri koronari yang mengganggu aliran darah yang dikenali sebagai aterosklerosis. Hiperlipidemia, faktor risiko aterosklerosis, dicirikan oleh kepekatan berlebihan jumlah kolesterol, LDL dan trigliserida dengan kepekatan HDL yang rendah. Diet tinggi lemak (HFD) menyumbang kepada penjanjangan aterosklerosis, CHD dan penyakit kardiovaskular yang lain. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur gelombang elektrokardiografi (ECG) tikus yang disebabkan oleh hiperlipidemia. Dua puluh ekor tikus diberi makan diet yang berbeza selama lapan minggu, iaitu kumpulan kawalan (diet biasa) dan kumpulan HFD (diet tinggi lemak). ECG mereka direkodkan menggunakan Wireless Mice Electrocardiogram (WIM ECG) selama 5-10 minit. Selepas lapan minggu, kumpulan HFD menunjukkan kepekatan profil lipid yang jauh lebih tinggi (kolesterol: 179.03 mg/dL, trigliserida: 149.11 mg/dL, LDL: 123 mg/dL, HDL: 29.15 mg/dL) daripada kawalan. Keadaan hiperlipidemik ini menyebabkan perubahan ketara dalam beberapa ciri gelombang ECG. Pada minggu ke-8, tempoh ciri gelombang ECG untuk kumpulan HFD ialah selang RR (176.5 ms), selang QT (123.5 ms), gelombang T (33.6 ms), gelombang P (27.4 ms), selang QRS (64.9 ms), segmen ST (23.7 ms) dan kadar denyutan jantung (334 bpm). Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa pemberian HFD jangka panjang pada tikus membawa kepada hiperlipidemia dan menyebabkan perubahan dalam ciri gelombang ECG.

Kata kunci: Aterosklerosis; diet tinggi lemak; ECG WIM; elektrokardiogram; hiperlipidemia

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ridwan@sith.itb.ac.id