Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 579-588

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-19

Hypoglycemic Effect of Flavonoid Glabridin Prevents Homeostatic Disruption of Native Achilles Tendon in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats

 (Kesan Hipoglisemik Flavonoid Glabridin Mencegah Gangguan Homeostatik Tendon Achilles Asal pada Tikus Diabetik Jenis 1 Aruhan Streptozotosin)

JONGDEE NOPPARAT^1,2, WIPAPAN KHIMMAKTONG ¹, CHUMPOL PHOLPRAMOOL ³ & CHITTIPONG TIPBUNJONG^1,*

¹Department of Anatomy, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

²Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

³Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

Diserahkan: 9 Jun 2022/Diterima: 16 November 2022

Abstract

Diabetic mellitus is a complex and serious disorder characterized by poor glycemic control leading to tendon architectural alterations and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on architecture and inflammation of the Achilles tendon in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.wt.). After confirmation of the diabetic state, the rats were divided into four groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + glabridin (40 mg/kg b.wt.), and diabetic + glyburide (5 mg/kg b.wt.) as a positive control group. After 8 weeks of treatment, the Achilles tendons were collected and subjected to histopathological examinations with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid Schiff, and toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was also performed to study the inflammation of the tendon tissues. Histopathological examinations showed the protective effects of glabridin against hyperglycemia-induced collagen disorganization and deposition of glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of the tendon. Treatment with glabridin significantly decreased the interfibrillar length, interfibrillar space, and number of infiltrated mast cells in the tendon tissue of diabetic rats. In addition, IHC staining showed that administration of glabridin drastically attenuated advance glycation end products (AGEs) formation and accumulation, and decreased the IL-1β and TNF-α positive stains compared to the non-treated diabetic control group. Taken together, this study showed glabridin prevents architectural alterations and suppresses inflammation in the Achilles tendon of diabetic rats.

Keywords: Achilles tendon; collagen fibre; hyperglycemia; inflammation; phytoestrogen

Abstrak

Diabetes mellitus merupakan gangguan yang kompleks dan serius dan dicirikan oleh kawalan glisemik yang lemah yang membawa kepada perubahan dan keradangan struktur tendon. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan perlindungan glabridin, flavonoid polifenol pada tendon Achilles pada tikus diabetes jenis 1 aruhan streptozotosin. Diabetes jenis 1 diaruh oleh satu suntikan intraperitoneum streptozotosin (60 mg/kg b.wt.). Selepas pengesahan keadaan diabetes, tikus dibahagikan kepada empat kumpulan; kawalan normal, kawalan diabetes, diabetes + glabridin (40 mg/kg b.wt.) dan diabetes + glyburide (5 mg/kg b.wt.) sebagai kumpulan kawalan positif. Selepas 8 minggu rawatan, tendon Achilles dikumpul dan tertakluk kepada pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan hematoksilin dan eosin, trichrome Masson, asid berkala Schiff dan pewarnaan toluidina biru. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia (IHC) juga dilakukan untuk mengkaji keradangan tisu tendon. Pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan kesan perlindungan glabridin terhadap gangguan kolagen aruhan hiperglisemia dan pemendapan glikoprotein dalam matriks ekstrasel tendon. Rawatan dengan glabridin mengurangkan panjang antarafibril, ruang antarafibril dan bilangan sel mast yang menyusup ke dalam tisu tendon tikus diabetes. Di samping itu, pewarnaan IHC menunjukkan bahawa penyuntikan glabridin secara drastik melemahkan pembentukan dan pengumpulan produk akhir glikasi awal (AGEs) dan mengurangkan kesan positif IL-1β dan TNF-α berbanding kumpulan kawalan diabetes yang tidak dirawat. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menunjukkan glabridin menghalang perubahan struktur dan menyekat keradangan pada tendon Achilles tikus diabetes.

Kata kunci: Fitoestrogen; hiperglisemia; keradangan; serat kolagen; tendon Achilles

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chittipong.t@psu.ac.th