Sains Malaysiana
52(3)(2023): 771-782
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-07
Importance of High
Crude Fibre Insect Frass For Effective Alleviation of Ammonium (NH4+)
Toxicity and Optimal Growth of the Short-Term Vegetable, Amaranthus tricolor
(Kepentingan
Fras Serangga Bergentian Kasar Tinggi untuk Pengurangan Berkesan Ketoksikan
Amonium (NH4+) dan Pertumbuhan Optimum Sayur Jangka
Pendek, Amaranthus tricolor)
DAHLIA SHAHBUDDIN1, ANSARUDDIN OTHMAN2 & AHMAD BUKHARY AHMAD KHAIR1,*
1School of Biological Sciences, G08
Building, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
2Al Ansar Integrated Pvt. Ltd. No. 3087, MK
12 Lahar Tambun, 13300 Tasek Gelugor, North Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 10 Ogos
2022/Diterima: 3 Februari 2023
Abstract
This study focused on the
efficacy of the fecal matter component from insect-derived frass containing
high total crude fibre (TCF) for the effective alleviation of ammonium (NH4+)
toxicity in short-term vegetables. Two types of insect-derived frass, bred from
different feeding substrates, the black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia
illucens, known as the BSF frass (BSFF), and the common house cricket
(CHC), Acheta domesticus, of both adults and nymphal instars, known as
CHC frass (CHCF). The short-term vegetable, Amaranthus tricolor, was
chosen as the test crop. A total of 200 A. tricolor vegetable seedlings
were tested, with five experimental replicates, each with 10 A. tricolor seedlings set following completely randomized design, each for the different
fertilizer treatments, BSFF fertilizer, CHCF fertilizer, NPK 15:15:15
fertilizer as the positive control, and no fertilizer as the negative control,
pre-prepared in the form of soil–fertilizer mixtures, applied following the
rate of 120 kg N ha−1. Comparatively, BSFF fecal matter
component recorded lower rates of decomposition of total organic matter (TOM),
total organic carbon (TOC), and organic nitrogen (ON) but with a higher rate of
TCF decomposition, contrary to CHCF with higher rates of decomposition of TOM,
TOC, ON, and a lower rate of TCF decomposition. Additionally, the rates of ON
decomposition to NH4+ and NH4+ uptake were lower for BSFF compared to CHCF. The ratio rates of TOM-TCF
(22:31), TOM-ON (22:02), TOC-TCF (30:31), and TOC-ON (30:02) for BSFF recorded
the highest difference, compared to CHCF with a lower difference of ratio
rates; TOM-TCF (36:21), TOM-ON (36:13), TOC-TCF (38:21), and TOC-ON (38:13).
The alleviation of NH4+ toxicity for short-term
vegetables with high sensitivity toward excessive NH4+ uptake could only be effectively alleviated with high TCF fecal matter
component of the frass, increasing decomposition toward the TCF element and
reduced decomposition on the organic N element of the frass’ fecal matter.
Keywords: Acheta domesticus; ammonium toxicity; crude fibre; Hermetia
illucens; organic fertilizer
Abstrak
Kajian
ini memberi tumpuan kepada keberkesanan komponen bahan tahi daripada fras
terbitan serangga yang mengandungi jumlah gentian kasar tinggi (TCF) untuk
mengurangkan ketoksikan ammonium (NH4+) yang berkesan pada sayuran jangka
pendek. Dua jenis fras
terbitan serangga, dibiakkan daripada substrat pemakanan yang berbeza, larva
lalat askar hitam (BSF), Hermetia
illucens, dikenali sebagai BSF fras (BSFF), dan cengkerik rumah biasa
(CHC), Acheta domesticus, kedua-dua
dewasa dan instar
nimfa, dikenali sebagai CHC fras (CHCF). Sayuran jangka pendek, Amaranthus tricolor dipilih sebagai tanaman ujian. Sebanyak 200
anak benih sayur A. tricolor telah
diuji, dengan lima ulangan uji kaji, setiap satu dengan 10 anak benih A. tricolor ditetapkan mengikut reka
bentuk rawak sepenuhnya, setiap satu untuk rawatan baja yang berbeza, baja
BSFF, baja CHCF, baja NPK 15:15:15 sebagai kawalan positif dan tiada baja sebagai kawalan
negatif, yang disediakan terlebih dahulu dalam bentuk campuran tanah-baja,
digunakan mengikut kadar 120 kg N ha−1. Secara
perbandingan, komponen bahan tahi BSFF merekodkan kadar penguraian jumlah bahan
organik (TOM), jumlah karbon organik (TOC) dan nitrogen organik (ON) yang lebih
rendah tetapi dengan kadar penguraian TCF yang lebih tinggi, bertentangan
dengan CHCF dengan kadar penguraian yang lebih tinggi. TOM, TOC, ON
dan kadar penguraian TCF yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, kadar penguraian ON kepada pengambilan NH4+ dan NH4+ adalah lebih rendah untuk BSFF berbanding CHCF. Kadar nisbah TOM-TCF
(22:31), TOM-ON (22:02), TOC-TCF (30:31) dan TOC-ON (30:02) untuk BSFF
mencatatkan perbezaan tertinggi, berbanding CHCF dengan
perbezaan kadar nisbah yang lebih rendah; TOM-TCF (36:21), TOM-ON (36:13), TOC-TCF (38:21) dan
TOC-ON (38:13). Pengurangan ketoksikan NH4+ untuk
sayuran jangka pendek dengan kepekaan yang tinggi terhadap pengambilan NH4+ yang berlebihan hanya boleh dikurangkan dengan berkesan dengan komponen bahan
tahi TCF yang tinggi dalam fras, meningkatkan penguraian ke arah unsur TCF dan mengurangkan
penguraian pada unsur N organik fras tahi.
Kata
kunci: Acheta domesticus; baja
organik; gentian kasar; Hermetia
illucens; ketoksikan amonium
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abukhary@usm.my
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