Sains Malaysiana 52(4)(2023): 1121-1132

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5204-07

Effect of Fertilization on Expression of Bioactive Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Pigments in Clinacanthus nutans Lindau for Potential Use as Functional Natural Colourants

(Kesan Pembajaan terhadap Ekspresi Pigmen Karotenoid dan Klorofil Bioaktif pada Clinacanthus nutans Lindau untuk Potensi Kegunaan sebagai Pewarna Fungsian Semula Jadi)

ZUHAILI YUSOF¹, NOOR ZALINA MAHMOOD^1,*, RASHIDI OTHMAN³ & JAMILAH SYAFAWATI YAACOB^1,2

¹Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Herbarium Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 8 April 2022/Diterima: 17 Mac 2023

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the different effects of fertilization (through the use of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer) on carotenoid composition as well as the chlorophyll content in Clinacanthus nutans Lindau. A field study employing a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was conducted on four treatment groups; control plants that were not supplied with any fertilizer (NF), plants supplemented with NPK chemical fertilizer (FC), plants supplemented with vermicompost (FV), and plants supplied with the mixture of chemical fertilizer and vermicompost (FM). Vermicompost application was shown to have insignificant effects on the expression of chlorophyll and carotenoid in C. nutans as compared to chemical fertilizer. However, the supplementation of vermicompost (FV and FM) produced plants with greater stability of compounds during storage, in contrast to NF and FC. The major carotenoids in C. nutans methanolic extracts supplied with vermicompost and organic fertilizers were identified as violaxanthin, lutein, α-Carotene and β-Carotene, while control plants lacked in α-Carotene and β-Carotene. This analysis provides a better insight into the application of vermicompost as an alternative source of growth supplements for the sustainable production of pigments which can act as a functional natural colourant and deliver great medicinal benefits to humans.

Keywords: Carotenoid; Clinacanthus nutans; extract storage; total chlorophyll content; vermicompost

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan berbeza pembajaan (melalui penggunaan vermikompos dan baja kimia) terhadap komposisi karotenoid serta kandungan klorofil dalam Clinacanthus nutans Lindau. Kajian lapangan yang menggunakan Reka Bentuk Blok Lengkap Rawak (RCBD) telah dijalankan ke atas empat kumpulan rawatan; tumbuhan kawalan yang tidak dibekalkan dengan sebarang baja (NF), tumbuhan yang ditambah dengan baja kimia NPK (FC), tumbuhan yang ditambah dengan vermikompos (FV) dan tumbuhan yang dibekalkan dengan campuran baja kimia dan vermikompos (FM). Penggunaan vermikompos telah ditunjukkan mempunyai kesan yang tidak ketara terhadap ekspresi klorofil dan karotenoid dalam C. nutans berbanding dengan baja kimia. Walau bagaimanapun, penambahan vermikompos (FV dan FM) menghasilkan tumbuhan dengan kestabilan sebatian yang lebih tinggi semasa penyimpanan, berbeza dengan NF dan FC. Karotenoid utama dalam ekstrak metanol C. nutans yang dibekalkan dengan vermikompos dan baja organik dikenal pasti sebagai violaxanthin, lutein, α-Karotena dan β-Karotena, manakala tumbuhan kawalan kekurangan α-Karotena dan β-Karotena. Analisis ini memberikan gambaran yang lebih baik tentang pengaplikasian vermikompos sebagai sumber alternatif tambahan tumbesaran untuk pengeluaran pigmen yang mampan yang boleh bertindak sebagai pewarna semula jadi yang berfungsi dan memberikan manfaat perubatan yang hebat kepada manusia.

Kata kunci: Clinacanthus nutans; jumlah kandungan klorofil; karotenoid; simpanan ekstrak; vermikompos

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: alin@um.edu.my