Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 1 (2016): 73 - 84

 

 

 

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PYRIDYL-THIOUREA DERIVATIVES AS IONOPHORES FOR Cu(II) ION DETECTION

 

(Kajian Teori dan Eksperimen bagi Terbitan –Terbitan Piridil-Tiourea Sebagai Ionofor untuk Pengesanan Ion Cu(II))

 

Wan M. Khairul¹*, Mohd Faizuddin Abu Hasan¹, Adibah Izzati Daud^1,3,

Hafiza Mohamed Zuki², Ku Halim Ku bulat¹, Maisara Abdul Kadir¹

 

¹School of Fundamental Science

²School of Marine Science and Environment

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

³Faculty of Engineering Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),

Aras 1, Blok S2, Kampus UniCITI Alam, Sungai Chuchuh, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: wmkhairul@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received: 5 November 2015; Accepted: 27 December 2015

 

 

Abstract

Copper (II) ion chemical sensors based on pyridine-thiourea derivatives; N-pyridyl-N’-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)thiourea (L1), and N-pyridyl-N’-(3,5-dimethyoxybenzoyl)thiourea (L2) were synthesised, characterised, and studied as ionophores in the form of thin-films PVC membranes. The ionophores exhibited good responses towards copper (II) ion over the concentration range of 2 x 10^-4 to 10 x 10^-4 M with a limit of detection 1.34 x 10^-5 to 1.48 x 10^-5 M. The proposed sensors L1 and L2 revealed good performance in term of reproducibility and regeneration of the ionophores with low relative standard deviation (RSD) values 4.17 % and 2.74 % respectively. Besides, quantum chemical calculation performed using Gaussian 09 program indicated the oxygen (O) atom from carbonyl moiety (C=O) was the most favourite reactive site and mainly responsible for ionophore– Cu(II) interaction. The obtained data revealed pyridine-thiourea derivatives offered great potential as ionophore for the detection of Cu (II) ion.

 

Keywords: pyridine, thiourea, metal sensor, density functional theory, spectroscopic

 

Abstrak

Pengesan kimia bagi ion kuprum (II) berasaskan terbitan piridil-tiourea; N-piridil-N’-(bifenil-4-karbonil)tiourea (L1), and N-piridil-N’-(3,5-dimetoksibenzoil)tiourea (L2) telah disintesis, dicirikan, dan dikaji sebagai ionofor dalam bentuk membran-membran PVC filem nipis. Ionofor – ionofor tersebut menunjukkan tindak balas yang baik terhadap ion kuprum (II) dalam julat kepekatan 2 x 10^-4 to 10 x 10^-4 M dengan had pengesanan 1.34 x 10^-5 sehingga 1.48 x 10^-5 M. Pengesan L1 dan L2 yang dicadangkan ini menunjukkan prestasi yang baik dari segi kebolehkeluaran semula dan penjanaan semula bagi ionofor – ionofor tersebut dengan nilai sisihan relatif piawaian yang rendah iaitu masing – masing 4.17% dan 2.74%. Selain itu, pengiraan kuantum kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Gaussian 09 yang menyatakan bahawa atom oksigen (O) daripada moiti karbonil (C=O) adalah kawasan paling reaktif dan selalunya terlibat dalam interaksi ionofor-Cu (II). Data yang diperolehi menyatakan terbitan piridil-tiourea menawarkan potensi yang bagus sebagai ionofor bagi pengesanan ion Cu (II).

 

Kata kunci: piridina, tiourea, pengesan logam, teori fungsi ketumpatan, spektroskopi

 

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