Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 3 (2016): 531 - 538

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-10

 

 

 

INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM ON THE REDUCTION BEHAVIOR OF FERRIC OXIDE BY USING CARBON MONOXIDE: TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED REDUCTION AND KINETIC STUDIES

 

(Pengaruh Kromium Terhadap Kelakuan Penurunan Ferik Oksida dengan Menggunakan Karbon Monoksida: Kajian Penurunan Suhu Berprogram dan Kinetik)

 

Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin¹*, Alinda Samsuri^1,2, Fairous Salleh¹, Mohammad Bin Kassim¹,

Rizafizah Othaman¹, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham¹, Mohd Ambar Yarmo¹

 

¹School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Centre for Defence Foundation Studies,

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: tengkushafazila@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 24 February 2015; Accepted: 27 October 2015

 

 

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chromium on the reduction behaviour of ferric oxide with carbon monoxide (10 %, v/v) in nitrogen as a reductant. Ferric oxide was impregnated with 3 % chromium to produce chromium-doped ferric oxide (Cr-Fe₂O₃). The reduction behaviour and the kinetic studies of Cr-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ have been studied by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and the phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Meanwhile, the activation energy values were calculated from the Arrhenius equation using Wimmer’s method. TPR results indicate that the reduction of Cr-Fe₂O₃ proceeded in two reduction steps (Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → Fe), while, Fe₂O₃ proceeded in three reduction steps (Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ →  FeO → Fe) with doped ferric oxide showed a large shifted towards lower temperature. The complete reduction of ferric oxide to metallic Fe occur at 700 °C compared to the undoped ferric oxide (900 °C). The XRD pattern showed that the diffraction peaks of Cr-Fe₂O₃ are more intense compare to Fe₂O₃, indicating that the improvement on the crystallinity of the characteristic peaks of Fe₂O₃ with no additional peak observed meaning that the chromium particles loaded on the ferric oxide were well dispersed. Furthermore, additional of 3 % chromium  on ferric oxide gives larger surface area and decrease in the activation energy up to 12.39 % regarding to transition phases of Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ during the reduction process may also led to the increase in the rates of ferric oxide reduction.

 

Keywords: temperature programmed reduction, kinetic, reduction, ferric oxide, chromium, carbon monoxide

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat pengaruh kromium pada kelakuan penurunan ferik oksida di mana karbon monoksida (10%, v/v) di dalam nitrogen digunakan sebagai agen penurunan. Serbuk ferik oksida yang didopkan pada kromium (Cr-Fe₂O₃) disintesis menggunakan kaedah impregnat. Kelakuan penurunan dan kinetik oleh Cr-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ dikaji menggunakan teknik suhu penurunan berprogram (TPR) dan fasa - fasa yang terbentuk bagi separa dan penurunan penuh dicirikan menggunakan teknik pembelauan sinar X (XRD) sementara nilai - nilai tenaga pengaktifan dikira daripada persamaan Arrhenius dan kaedah Wimmer. Profil TPR menunjukkan bahawa penurunan ferik oksida yang didopkan kromium melalui dua langkah tindak balas penurunan (Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → Fe) manakala ferik oksida yang tidak didopkan melalui tiga langkah tindak balas penurunan (Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → FeO → Fe). Suhu proses penurunan tamat beranjak kepada suhu yang lebih rendah iaitu 700 °C dan proses penurunan tamat pada suhu (900 °C). Difraktogram XRD terhadap Cr-Fe₂O₃ menunjukkan peningkatan pada kehabluran puncak Fe₂O₃ berbanding ferik oksida yang tidak didopkan dengan tiada puncak tambahan diperhatikan dimana ia menjelaskan bahawa zarah kromium yang dimuatkan pada ferik oksida telah tersebar dengan baik. Di samping itu, tambahan sebanyak 3 % kromium pada ferik oksida memberikan kawasan permukaan yang lebih besar dan pengurangan tenaga pengaktifan sehingga 12.39 % bagi peralihan fasa Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ serta juga membawa kepada peningkatan kepada kadar proses penurunan ferik oksida tersebut.

 

Kata kunci: penurunan suhu berprogram, kinetik, penurunan, ferik oksida, kromium, karbon monoksida

 

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