Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 4 (2016): 955 - 964
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2004-31
ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR A FUEL CELL/ULTRACAPASITOR/BATTERY HYBRID SYSTEM
FOR
PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
(Strategi Pengurusan
Tenaga bagi Sistem Hibrid Sel Bahan Api/ Ultrakapasitor/Bateri untuk Aplikasi
Mudah Alih)
Siti Afiqah Abd. Hamid1,
Edy Herianto Majlan1*, Ros Emilia Rosli1, Wan Ramli Wan Daud1,
Ramizi Mohamed2,
Teuku Husaini1, Ramli Sitanggang 3
1Fuel Cell Institute
2Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering & Built Environment
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Industrial Engineering,
Universitas
Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55283, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: edy@ukm.edu.my
Received: 5
February 2016; Accepted: 22 April 2016
Abstract
A
proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) with ultracapacitor (UC) and
battery (BT) hybrid system has fast transient response compare to stand alone
FCs. This hybrid system is promising candidates for environmentally friendly
alternative energy sources. An energy management system design and control
strategy was introduced in this study. The energy management strategy FC/UC/BT
hybrid system model has been developed and the control strategy was programmed
in the LabVIEW™ environment and implemented using National Instrument (NI)
devices. The energy management strategy is able to manage the energy flow
between the main power source (FCs) and auxiliary sources (UC and BT). To
control the hybrid system and achieved proper performance, a controller circuit
was developed with the three energy sources aligned in parallel to deliver the
requested power. The developed model demonstrates the proportion power from the
FC, UC and BT under various load demand. Experimental results demonstrate that
FC/UC/BT hybrid system operated automatically with the varying load condition. The
experimental results are presented; showing that the proposed strategy utilized
the characteristic of both energy storage devices thus satisfies the load
requirement.
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
ultracapacitor, battery, hybrid energy system, energy management strategy
Abstrak
Sistem hibrid sel bahan api (FC) membran
penukaran proton (PEM) dengan ultrakapasitor (UC) dan bateri (BT) mempunyai
tindak balas yang lebih cepat berbanding FC sahaja. Sistem hibrid adalah salah
satu sumber tenaga alternatif mesra alam yang amat berpotensi. Satu reka bentuk
sistem pengurusan tenaga dan strategi kawalan telah diperkenalkan dalam kajian
ini. Model strategi pengurusan tenaga sistem hibrid FC/UC/BT telah dibangunkan
dan strategi kawalan telah diprogramkan dalam perisian LabVIEW™ dan
dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan peranti instrument Nasional (NI). Strategi pengurusan tenaga ini mampu untuk menguruskan
aliran tenaga di antara sumber kuasa utama (FC) dan sumber kuasa tambahan lain (UC
dan BT). Untuk mengawal sistem hibrid dan mencapai prestasi yang sewajarnya,
litar pengawal telah dibangunkan dengan tiga sumber tenaga sejajar selari untuk
menyediakan permintaan kuasa. Model yang dibangunkan menunjukkan keseimbangan
jumlah kuasa daripada FC, UC dan BT di bawah pelbagai permintaan beban.
Keputusan eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa sistem hibrid FC/UC/BT beroperasi
secara automatik dengan keadaan beban yang berbeza-beza. Keputusan eksperimen
dibentangkan, menunjukkan bahawa strategi yang dicadangkan memanfaatkan ciri kedua-dua
sumber kuasa tambahan dengan itu
memenuhi keperluan beban.
Kata kunci: Sel bahan api membran penukaran proton, ultrakapasitor, bateri,
sistem tenaga hibrid, strategi pengurusan tenaga
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