Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol
20 No 5 (2016): 1159 - 1170
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-23
MONTHLY ANALYSIS OF
PM10 IN AMBIENT AIR OF KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
(Analisis PM10
Bulanan di dalam Udara di Lembah Klang, Malaysia)
Mohd Asrul Jamalani1,
Ahmad Makmom Abdullah1,2*, Azman Azid3,4, Mohammad Firuz
Ramli2,
Mohd Rafee
Baharudin5, Mahmud Mohammed Bose1, Rashieda Elawad Elhadi1,
Khaleed Ali Ahmed
Ben Youssef1, Azadeh Gnadimzadeh1, Danladi Yusuf Gumel1
1Air Quality and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of
Environmental Studies
2Department
of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
3UniSZA Science and Medicine
Foundation Centre,
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300
Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
4Faculty
Bioresources and Food Industry,
Universiti Sultan
Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
5Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: amakmom@upm.edu.my
Received:
14 April 2015; Accepted: 3 August 2016
Abstract
The urbanization in Klang Valley, Peninsular
Malaysia over the last decades has induce the atmospheric pollution’s risk
resulted to negative impact on the environment. The aims of this paper are to
identify the spatial-temporal relationship of particulate matter (PM10),
to determine the characteristic of each location and to classify hierarchical
of the location in relation to their impact on PM10 concentration in
Klang Valley. The Spearman correlation test indicate that there was strong
significant relationship between all the locations (> 0.7; p < 0.001) and
moderate relationship between Petaling Jaya-Kajang and Kajang-Shah Alam (< 0.7;
p < 0.001). The principal component analysis (PCA) identifies all four
locations have been affected by PM10 which were determined as one of
the pollutant that deteriorated the air quality. Cluster analysis (CA) has
classified the PM10 pattern into three (3) different classes; Class
1 (Klang), Class 2 (Petaling Jaya and Kajang) and Class 3 (Shah Alam) based on
location. Further analysis of CA would
be able to classify the PM10 classes into groups depending on their
dissimilarities characteristic. Thus, possible period of extreme air quality
degradation could be identified. Therefore, statistical and envirometric
techniques have proved the impact of the various location on increasing
concentration of PM10.
Keywords: particulate matter, Spearman correlation
test, principal component analysis, cluster analysis
Abstrak
Proses pembandaran di Lembah Klang,
Semenanjung Malaysia sedekad lalu telah mendorong kepada risiko pencemaran
atmosfera yang memberi impak negatif kepada alam sekitar. Kajian ini dilakukan
bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti hubungkait antara ruang dan tempoh bagi partikel
terampai (PM10), menentukan ciri – ciri setiap lokasi dan menentukan
pengkelasan hirarki lokasi berhubungan dengan impak kepekatan PM10
di Lembah Klang. Ujian korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungkait yang kuat
antara semua lokasi (> 0.7; p < 0.001) dan hubungan yang sederhana antara
Petaling Jaya-Kajang and Kajang-Shah Alam (< 0.7; p < 0.001). Analisis
komponen utama (PCA) menentukan semua empat lokasi yang telah terjejas dengan
PM10 iaitu antara bahan pencemar yang menjejaskan kualiti udara.
Analisis kluster (CA) mengelaskan pola PM10 kepada tiga (3) kelas
berlainan; Kelas 1 (Klang), Kelas 2 (Petaling Jaya dan Kajang) serta Kelas 3
(Shah Alam) berdasarkan lokasi. Analisis lanjutan CA membolehkan pengkelasan
kelas PM10 kepada kumpulan bergantung kepada ketidaksamaan ciri.
Justeru, kemungkinan tempoh kemerosotan kualiti udara yang melampau dapat
dikenalpasti. Oleh itu, teknik statistik dan envirometrik telah membuktikan
impak pelbagai lokasi terhadap peningkatan kepekatan PM10.
Kata kunci: partikel terampai, ujian korelasi Spearman,
analisis komponen utama, analisis kluster
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