Malaysian Journal of Analytical Asiences Vol 20 No 5
(2016): 1171 - 1180
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-24
KLASIFIKASI SEDIMEN
MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK ENVIROMETRIK: SATU KAJIAN KES DI SUNGAI PAHANG, MALAYSIA
(Sediment
Classification using Envirometric Technique: A Study Case in Pahang River,
Malaysia)
Frankie Marcus Ata1, Mohd Khairul Amri
Kamarudin1,2*, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman1,3, Mohd Saupi Mohd
Zin1,
Nur Hishaam Sulaiman1, Norjima Abd
Wahab1, Sarif Mohd Nasir3, Jamaluddin Mohamad Saad3
1East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI)
2Faculty of Design Arts and Engineering Technology
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
3School
of Social, Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences
and Humanities,
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: mkhairulamri@unisza.edu.my
Received: 14
April 2015; Accepted: 3 August 2016
Abstrak
Masalah sedimentasi merupakan
masalah utama sungai di Malaysia. Analisis saiz partikel sedimen di sungai
menyediakan maklumat yang berguna dalam menilai kadar dan corak hakisan,
pengangkutan dan pemendapan pada sesuatu masa. Bahan-bahan sedimen dikelaskan mengikut
saiz seperti pasir, kelodak dan liat. Kajian ini membincangkan hasil kajian
mengenai analisis sedimentasi yang dijalankan di Sungai Pahang pada 3 hingga 6
Jun 2015. Sebanyak 13 stesen persampelan telah dipilih. Parameter yang telah
diguna bagi tujuan kajian ini berdasarkan kepada jenis taburan saiz partikal
sedimen (g). Pengelasan mengikut saiz bahan telah dikira dan ditentukan melalui
nilai skala Phi (ø) bagi mengira pelbagai parameter penentuan sedimen seperti
min (M), sisihan piawai (D) dan pencongan (S). Di dalam kajian ini, teknik
envirometrik digunakan untuk mengelaskan setiap parameter sedimen yang telah
dianalisis. Hasil pengelasan mendapati setiap parameter min, pencongan dan
sisihan piawai mempunyai tiga kelas utama yang mendominasi iaitu pasir kasar,
pasir sederhana dan pasir halus. Analisis saiz partikel sedimen (M) menunjukkan
bahawa, di bahagian tebing kanan kiri dan tengah sungai adalah didominasi pasir
bersaiz butiran halus dengan nilai phi 2 ke phi 3. Tahap keseragaman sedimen
atau sisihan piawai (D) di kawasan kajian mempunyai butiran pasir yang halus
dengan skala keseragaman yang buruk direkodkan iaitu phi 1 ke phi 2. Bagi nilai
pencongan (S), saiz sedimen yang terdapat di kawasan kajian adalah bersaiz
kasar dan sangat kasar iaitu di antara phi -0.1 ke phi -0.3 dan phi -0.3 ke phi
-1. Oleh yang demikian, kawasan Sungai Pahang merupakan kawasan yang mudah
mengalami perubahan geomorfologi akibat daripada struktur tanihnya yang
bersifat mudah dihakis oleh hujan dan perubahan kadar luahan sungai.
Kata kunci: sedimentasi, saiz partikel sedimen, teknik
envirometrik, skala phi, Sungai Pahang
Abstract
Sedimentation
is a main river problem in Malaysia. Particle size sediments analysis the river
provides useful information to evaluate the rate and pattern of erosion,
transportation and deposition at a time. The sediments sizes are classified
according to sand, silt and clay. This study discusses about the results of
sedimentation analysis at the Pahang River from 3 until 6 June 2015. 13
sampling stations were selected. The parameters used in this study are based on
grain size distribution (g). Total of different sizes of material
classifications were calculated using Phi scale (ø) in
older to statistically calculate their mean (M), standard deviation (D) and
skewness (S). In this study, envirometrics technique were used to analyzed the
classify parameter of this sediments. The classify results for each parameters
mean, skewness and standard deviation has dominated by three main class like
coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand size.
Analysis of particle size sediment (M) shows the middle, right and left
bank river is dominated by fine grain size with the phi 2 to phi 3. The
uniformity of sediment or standard deviation (D) on the study areas has a worst
with the fine grain sand with the phi 1 to phi 2. For the skewness (S),
sediment size in study areas is coarse and very coarse size with phi -0.1 to
phi -0.3 and phi -0.3 to phi -1. Therefore, Pahang River areas is an easily to
change as a geomorphology landscape that are easily eroded by rain and change
of the discharge rate.
Keywords: sedimentation, particle size, envirometrics
technique, phi scale, Pahang River
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