Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 5 (2016): 1225 - 1232

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-29

 

 

 

SALTWATER INTRUSION ANALYSIS IN EAST COAST OF TERENGGANU USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

 

(Analisis Pencerobohan Air Masin di Kawasan Pantai Timur, Terengganu Menggunakan Analisis Multivariat)

 

Norsyuhada Hairoma¹*, Muhd Barzani Gasim^1,2, Azman Azid^1,2, Haniff Muhamad¹, Nur Hishaam Sulaiman¹, Zuriati Khairuddin¹, Ahmad Dasuki Mustafa¹, Fazureen Azaman¹, Muhammad Azizi Amran¹

 

¹East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),

 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Faculty Bioresources and Food Industry,

 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: nsyuhadahairoma@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 14 April 2015; Accepted: 3 August 2016

 

 

Abstract

Coastal aquifer groundwater is vulnerable to saltwater contamination as it is located near the coastline. Therefore, a study is conducted to confirm all the major source of pollutants on coastal groundwater based on 13 sampling wells that located close to Terengganu coastline as well as to assess the intensity of saltwater intrusion into the wells. Measurements of selected water quality parameters such as dissolve oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solid (TDS), salinity, pH, turbidity and total suspended solid (TSS) were obtained from each well by using certified scientific instruments. Data were analysed by using multivariate techniques which involves principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). CA was performed by using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) technique. PCA yielded two PCs where PC1 forms composite factor loadings of TDS, salinity and EC that represented the saltwater intrusion meanwhile, PC2 formed composite factors of turbidity, TSS and TDS that represented the anthropogenic pollutions. CA successfully classified sampling wells into seven clusters; Extreme High (EH), Very High (VH), High (H), Moderate (M), Low (L), Very Low (VL) and Extreme Low (EL) where each cluster represented the saltwater intrusion intensity in decreasing order.

 

Keywords:  groundwater, coastal aquifer, saltwater intrusion, multivariate techniques

 

Abstrak

Air bawah tanah dari akuifer pantai terdedah kepada pencemaran air masin kerana ia terletak berhampiran pantai. Oleh itu, satu kajian dijalankan untuk mengesahkan sumber utama pencemaran kepada air bawah tanah pantai berdasarkan 13 telaga persampelan yang terletak berhampiran kawasan pantai Terengganu serta untuk menilai keamatan pencerobohan air masin ke dalam telaga.Pengukuran parameter kualiti air seperti oksigen terlarut (DO), kekonduksian elektrik (EC), jumlah pepejal terlarut (TDS), kemasinan, pH, kekeruhan dan jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) diambil dari setiap telaga dengan menggunakan peralatan saintifik. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik multivariat iaitu analisis komponen utama (PCA) dan analisis kelompok (CA). CA dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis kelompok hierarki agglomeratif (HACA). PCA menghasilkan dua PC yang mana, PC1 membentuk faktor komposit TDS, kemasinan dan EC yang mewakili pencerobohan air masin manakala, PC2 membentuk faktor komposit kekeruhan, TSS dan TDS yang mewakili pencemaran antropogenik. CA berjaya mengelaskan telaga persampelan kepada tujuh kelompok; Tinggi Ekstrem (EH), Sangat Tinggi (VH), Tinggi (H), Sederhana (M), Rendah (L), Sangat Rendah (VL) dan Rendah Ekstrem (EL) yang mana setiap kelompok mewakili keamatan pencerobohan air masin dalam urutan berkurangan.

 

Kata kunci:  air bawah tanah, akuifer pantai, kemasukan air masin, teknik multivariat

 

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