Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 5 (2016): 986 - 1000

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-03

 

 

 

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM CONDITIONS AND STABILITY STUDY OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY Bacillus subtilis UKMP-4M5

 

(Penentuan Keadaan Optimum dan Kajian Kestabilan Biosurfaktan yang Dihasilkan oleh Bacillus subtilis UKMP-4M5)

 

Ummul Khair Mohd Syahriansyah and Ainon Hamzah*

 

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: ainonh@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 29 January 2016; Accepted: 17 June 2016

 

 

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis UKMP-4M5 was isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated site which was found to be the most potential biosurfactant producer. Isolates were grown in a mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with sunflower oil (1% v/v) as the main carbon source. Screening was based on both qualitative (oil spreading technique) and quantitative (emulsification index and surface tension measurement) methods. B. subtilis UKMP-4M5 produced the highest oil displacement activity with and emulsification index of 17%. It also reduced surface tension of culture medium from 58.95 to 41.75 mN/m. B. subtilis UKMP-4M5 produced biosurfactant with surface tension measurement of 32.7 ± 0.66 mN/m using 2% (v/v) palm oil and 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The tested biosurfactant exhibited excellent thermal (up to 120 °C) and pH (6.0 – 8.0) stability as well as high tolerance for varying salt concentrations (1 – 5% w/v) in terms of surface tension reducing ability. This suggests potential applications in fields such as enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation, and the food industry.

 

Keywords:  Bacillus subtilis, biosurfactant, palm oil, surface tension

 

Abstrak

Bacillus subtilis UKMP-4M5 yang dipencilkan dari kawasan yang tercemar dengan hidrokarbon didapati paling berpotensi sebagai penghasil biosurfaktan. Pencilan dihidupkan di dalam medium garam mineral (MSM) yang ditambahkan dengan 1% (i/i) minyak bunga matahari sebagai sumber karbon utama. Penyaringan adalah berdasarkan kepada kedua-dua kaedah kualitatif (teknik penyebaran minyak) dan kuantitatif (indeks emulsifikasi dan ukuran ketegangan permukaan). B. subtilis UKMP-4M5 merekodkan aktiviti sesaran minyak yang tertinggi dengan indeks emulsifikasi sebanyak 17%. Ia juga merendahkan ketegangan permukaan kultur medium dari 58.95 mN/m ke 41.75 mN/m B. subtilis UKMP-4M5 menghasilkan biosurfaktan dengan ukuran ketegangan permukaan 32.7 ± 0.66 mN/m menggunakan 2% (i/i) minyak kelapa sawit dan 0.5% (b/i) ekstrak yis masing-masing sebagai sumber karbon dan nitrogen. Biosurfaktan yang diuji menunjukkan kestabilan yang amat baik pada suhu (sehingga 120 °C) dan pH (6.0 – 8.0) serta toleransi yang tinggi pada kepekatan garam yang berbeza (1 – 5% b/i) dari segi keupayaannya merendahkan ketegangan permukaan. Ini mencadangkan potensi aplikasinya dalam industri seperti peningkatan perolehan minyak, bioremediasi dan industri makanan.

 

Kata kunci:  Bacillus subtilis, biosurfaktan, minyak kelapa sawit, ketegangan permukaan

 

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