Sains Malaysiana 40(5)(2011): 437–444

Isolation of Microfungi from Malay Traditional Vegetables and Secondary Metabolites Produced by Fusarium Species

(Pemencilan Kulat Mikro daripada Sayuran Traditional Melayu dan Metabolit Sekunder dihasilkan oleh Spesies Fusarium)

M. Z. Nur Ain Izzati* & W. I. Wan Hasmida

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 27 January 2010 / Accepted: 4 August 2010

ABSTRACT

Microfungi isolated from Malay traditional vegetables such as Centella asiatica, Cosmos caudatus, Oenanthe javanica, Persicaria odorata and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus are well diverse. A total of 40 isolates of the fungi were identified and classified into four genera such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Five species of Fusarium were morphologically identified as F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. proliferatum, F. solani and F. konzum. Three species of Aspergillus were identified as A. niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The highest number of microfungi was isolated from Cosmos caudatus (12 isolates), followed by Persicaria odorata (9 isolates), Oenanthe javanica (8 isolates), Centella asiatica (6 isolates) and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (5 isolates). Four isolates of Fusarium species were able to produce moniliformin (MON) and five isolates were able to produce fumonisin B1 (FB1). This is the first report on diversity of microfungi associated with some Malay traditional vegetables.

Keywords: Aspergillus; fumonisin B1; Fusarium; Malay traditional vegetables; moniliformin; Penicillium

ABSTRAK

Kulat mikro yang dipencilkan daripada sayuran tradisi Melayu seperti Centella asiatica, Cosmos caudatus, Oenanthe javanica, Persicaria odorata dan Psophocarpus tetragonolobus adalah pelbagai. Sejumlah 40 isolat kulat telah dikenal pasti dan dikelaskan ke dalam empat genus iaitu Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium dan Trichoderma. Lima spesies Fusarium telah dikenal pasti secara morfologi sebagai F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. proliferatum, F. solani dan F. konzum. Walau bagaimanapun, tiga spesies Aspergillus telah dikenal pasti sebagai A. niger, A. fumigatus dan A. flavus. Bilangan tertinggi kulat mikro telah dipencilkan daripada Cosmos caudatus (12 isolat), diikuti dengan Persicaria odorata (9 isolat), Oenanthe javanica (8 isolat), Centella asiatica (6 isolat) dan Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (5 isolat). Empat isolat spesies Fusarium berupaya menghasilkan moniliformin (MON) dan lima isolat berupaya menghasilkan fumonisin B1 (FB1). Kajian ini merupakan laporan pertama mengenai kepelbagaian kulat mikro yang berasosiasi dengan beberapa sayuran tradisional Melayu.

Kata kunci: Aspergillus; fumonisin B1; Fusarium; moniliformin; Penicillium; sayuran tradisional Melayu

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*Corresponding author; email: izzati@science.upm.edu.my