Sains Malaysiana 42(4)(2013): 475–479

 

Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Proton Conducting Poly (Vinyl) Chloride (PVC) Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

(Kekonduksian dan Sifat Dielektrik Proton Menjalankan Poli (Vinyl) Klorida (PVC) Berdasarkan Gel Polimer Elektrolit)

 

Siti Khatijah Deraman & R.H.Y. Subban*

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor D. E. Malaysia

 

N.S. Mohamed

Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 14 June 2011/Accepted: 3 April 2012

 

ABSTRACT

Poly (vinyl) chloride (PVC)-NH4I-EC films have been prepared by the solution cast technique. The sample containing 30 wt.% NH4I exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity of 4.60 × 10-7 S cm-1. The conductivity increased to 1.08 × 10-6 S cm-1 when 15 wt.% of ethylene carbonate (EC) was added to 70 wt.% PVC - 30 wt.% NH4I. The effects of ethylene carbonate (EC) addition on the frequency dependent dielectric properties of PVC based electrolytes were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in the temperature range of 300 K to 373 K. The dielectric properties and ac conductivity of the samples prepared have been analyzed. The values of dielectric constant were found to increase with increasing conductivity of the samples. Analysis of the ac conductivity data revealed the electrolytes to be of the non-Debye type with conduction mechanism of the overlapping-large-polaron-tunneling (OLPT) model.

 

Keywords: Dielectric properties; gel polymer electrolyte; non-Debye type; OLPT; proton conductivity

 

ABSTRAK

Poli (vinil) klorida (PVC)-NH4I-EC filem telah disediakan dengan teknik larutan tuangan. Sampel yang mengandungi 30 berat.% NH4I mempamerkan kekonduksian suhu bilik tertinggi sebanyak 4.60 × 10-7 S cm-1. Kekonduksian meningkat kepada 1.08 × 10-6 S cm-1 apabila 15 % berat etilena karbonat (EC) telah ditambah kepada 70 % berat PVC - 30 % berat NH4I. Kesan etilena karbonat (EC) ke atas sifat dielektrik kekerapan bergantung kepada elektrolit berasaskan PVC telah dikaji oleh spektroskopi impedans elektrokimia (EIS), dalam julat suhu 300 K hingga 373 K. Sifat dielektrik dan kekonduksian ac sampel yang disediakan telah dianalisis. Nilai-nilai pemalar dielektrik didapati meningkat dengan meningkatnya kekonduksian sampel. Analisis kekonduksian data ac menunjukkan elektrolit untuk jenis bukan Debye dengan mekanisme pengaliran model yang bertindih besar-terowong polaron (OLPT).

 

Kata kunci: Gel polimer elektrolit; jenis bukan-Debye; OLPT; proton konduktiviti; sifat dielektrik

REFERENCES

Ali, A.M.M., Mohamed, N.S. & Arof, A.K. 1998. Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-ammonium sulfates ((NH4)2SO4) complexes and electrochemical cell performance. Journal of Power Sources 74: 135-141.

Appleby, A.J. 1995. In Material for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion-Batteries, Capacitors and Fuel Cells, edited by Doughty, D., Vyas, B., Takamura, T. & Huff, J.R. p. 11. Vol. 393, Material Research Society, Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania.

Austin Suthanthiraraj, S., Joice Sheeba, D. & Joseph Paul, B. 2009. Impact of ethylene carbonate ion transport characteristics of PVdFAgCF3SO3 polymer electrolyte system. Mater. Res. Bull. 44: 1534-1539.

Baskaran, R., Selvasekarapandian, S., Kuwata, N., Kawamura, J. & Hattori, T. 2006. Ac impedance, DSC and FT-IR investigations on (x) PVAc – (1 _ x) PVdF blends with LiClO4. Mater. Chem. Phys. 98: 55-61.

Bozkurt, A. & Meyer, W.H. 2001. Proton conducting blends of poly(4- vinylimidazole) with phosphoric acid. Solid State Ionic 138: 259-265.

Buraidah, M.H., Teo, L.P., Majid, S.R. & Arof, A.K. 2009. Ionic conductivity by correlated barrier hopping in NH4Idoped chitosan solid electrolyte. Physica B 404: 1373-1379.

Choi, B. & Shin, K. 1996. Effects of SiC fillers on the electrical and mechanical properties of (PEO)16LiClO4 electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 86: 303-306.

Hashmi, S.A., Ajay Kumar, Maurya, K.K. & Chandra, S. 1990. J. Phys D; Appl. Phys. 23: 1307-1314.

Hema, M., Selvasekerapandian, S., Sakunthala, A., Arunkumar, D. & Nithya, H. 2008. Structural, vibrational and electrical characterization of PVA–NH4Br polymer electrolyte system. Physica B 403: 2740-2747.

Kadir, M.F.Z., Majid, S.R. & Arof, A.K. 2010. Plasticized chitosan-PVAblend polymer electrolyte based proton battery. Electrochimica Acta 55: 1475-1482.

Kreuer, K.D. 1996. Proton conductivity: Materials and applications. Chem. Mater. 8: 610-641.

Lassegues, J.C., Grondin, J., Hernadez, M. & Maree, B. 2001. Proton conducting polymer blends and hybrid organic inorganic materials. Solid State Ionic 145: 37-45.

Mary Sukeshini, A., Atsushi Nishimoto & Masayoshi Watanabe. 1996. Transport and electrochemical characterization of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) solid electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 86-88: 385-383.

Murugaraj, R., Govindaraj, G. & George, D. 2003. Ac conductivity and its scaling behavior in lithium and sodium bismuthate glasses. Mater. Letter 57: 1656-1661.

Rajendran, S. & Uma, T. 2001. FTIR and conductivity studies of PVC based polymer electrolyte systems. Ionics 7: 122-125.

Rajendran, S., Ravi Shanker Babu & Sivakumar, P. 2008. Investigations on PVC/PAN composite polymer electrolytes. Journal of Membranes Science 315: 67-73.

Ramesh, S. & Ong Poh Ling 2010. Effect of ethylene carbonate on the ionic conduction in poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) based solid polymer electrolytes. Polym. Chem. 1: 702-707.

Ramesh, S. & Chai, M.F. 2007. Conductivity, dielectric behavior and FTIR studies of high molecular weight poly(vinylchloride)–lithium triflate polymer electrolytes. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 139: 240-245.

Ramya, C.S., Selvasekarapandian, S., Savitha, T., Hirankumar, G. & Angelo, P.C. 2007. Vibrational and impedance spectroscopic study on PVP–NH4SCN based polymer electrolytes. Physica B 393: 11-17.

Subban, R.H.Y. & Arof, A.K. 2004. Plasticiser interactions with polymer and salt in PVC–LiCF3SO3–DMF electrolytes. European Polymer Journal 40: 1841-1847.

Subban, R.H.Y. 2003. Experimental investigations on PVC-LiCF3SO3-SiO2 composite polymer electrolytes. J. New. Mat. Electrochem System 6: 197-203.

Tobishima, S. & Yamaji, A. 1984. Ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate mixed electrolytes for lithium batteries. Electrochemica Acta 29(2): 267-271.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: rihanum43@salam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

previous