Sains Malaysiana 44(2)(2015): 291–294

Growth and Characterization of PbO Nanorods Grown using Facile Oxidation of Lead Sheet

(Pertumbuhan dan Pencirian Nanorod PbO Menggunakan Pengoksidaan Mudah dengan Kepingan Plumbum)

RAMIN YOUSEFI¹*, FARID JAMALI SHEINI², ABDOLHOSSEIN SA΄AEDI³ & MOHSEN CHERAGHIZADE³

¹Depertment of Physics, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University (I.A.U)

Masjed-Soleiman, Iran

²Department of Physics, Ahwaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran

³Department of Electrical Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University (I.A.U)

Bushehr, Iran

Received: 12 June 2013/Accepted: 30 July 2014

ABSTRACT

PbO nanorods were synthesized by oxidation of lead sheets under an oxygen ambiance with different temperatures at 330, 400, 450 and 550ºC in a tube furnace. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the nanorods started growing on the sheet that was placed at 330ºC. On the other hand, by increasing of the temperature to 550°C more nanorods appeared on the Pb sheet, which were lied on the lead sheet. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) indicated that the nanorods had α-PbO structures. However, a few β-PbO phases also appeared for the nanorods. Raman measurements confirmed the XRD results and indicated two Raman active modes that belonged to α-PbO phase for the nanorods. In addition, the Raman spectrum of the nanorods showed a weak peak of the β-PbO structure. The optical properties of the products were characterized using a room temperature photoluminescence (PL) technique. The PL result indicated a band gap for the PbO nanorods in the visible region.

Keywords: Lead oxide; oxidation; PbO nanorods; photoluminescence; Raman

ABSTRAK

Nanorod PbO telah disintesis oleh pengoksidaan kepingan plumbum di bawah suasana oksigen dengan suhu berbeza pada 330, 400, 450 dan 550ºC di dalam tiub relau. Hasil kajian melalui mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM) menunjukkan bahawa nanorod mula berkembang atas kepingan yang diletakkan pada 330°C. Sebaliknya, dengan meningkatkan suhu kepada 550°C lebih banyaknanorod muncul di atas kepingan Pb yang telah disusun atas kepingan plumbum. Corak pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) menunjukkan bahawa nanorod mempunyai struktur α-PbO. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa fasa β-PbO juga muncul bagi nanorod ini. Ukuran Raman mengesahkan keputusan XRD dan menunjukkan dua mod aktif Raman kepunyaan fasa α-PbO bagi nanorod ini. Di samping itu, spektrum nanorod Raman menunjukkan puncak lemah bagi struktur β-PbO. Sifat optik produk telah dicirikan menggunakan teknik fotoluminesen (PL) pada suhu bilik. Hasil PL menunjukkan jurang jalur untuk nanorod PbO berada di rantau boleh lihat.

Kata kunci: Fotoluminesen; nanorod PbO; pengoksidaan; plumbum oksida; Raman

REFERENCES

Baleva, M. & Tuncheva, V. 1994. Optical characterization of lead monoxide films grown by laser-assisted deposition. J. Solid State Chem. 110(1): 36-42.

Behnoudnia, F. & Dehghani, H. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of novel three-dimensional-cauliflower-like nanostructure of lead (II) oxalate and its thermal decomposition for preparation of PbO. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 24: 32-39.

Chen, K.C., Wang, C.W., Lee, Y.I. & Liu, H.G. 2011. Nanoplates and nanostars of β-PbO formed at the air/water interface. Colloids Surf. A. 373(1-3): 124-129.

Farbod, M., Meamar Ghaffari, N. & Kazeminezhad, I. 2012. Effect of growth parameters on photocatalytic properties of CuO nanowires fabricated by direct oxidation. Mater. Lett. 81: 258-260.

Ghasemi, S., Mousavi, M.F., Shamsipur, M. & Karami, H. 2008. Sonochemical-assisted synthesis of nano-structured lead dioxide. Ultrason. Sonochem. 15(4): 448-455.

Jamali-Sheini, F., Yousefi, R. & Patil, K.R. 2012. Surface characterization of Au-ZnO nanowire films. Ceram. Int. 38(8): 6665-6670.

Jia, B. & Gao, L. 2006. Synthesis and characterization of single crystalline PbO nanorods via a facile hydrothermal method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 100(2-3): 351-354.

Karami Mahmoudabad, M. & Kashani-Motlagh, M.M. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of PbO nanostructure and NiO doped with PbO through combustion of citrate/nitrate gel. International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6(24): 5720-5725.

Kashani-Motlagh, M.M. & Karami Mahmoudabad, M. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of lead oxide nano-powders by sol-gel method. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 59: 106-110.

Li, L., Zhu, X., Yang, D., Gao, L., Liu, J., Kumar, R.V. & Yang, J. 2012. Preparation and characterization of nano-structured lead oxide from spent lead acid battery paste. Journal of Hazardous Materials 203-204: 274-282.

Shi, L., Xu, Y. & Li, Q. 2008. Controlled growth of lead oxide nanosheets, scrolled nanotubes, and nanorods. Crystal Growth & Design 8(10): 3521-3525.

Singh, D.P. & Srivastava, O.N. 2011. Synthesis of micron-sized hexagonal and flowerlike nanostructures of lead oxide (PbO2) by anodic oxidation of lead. Nano-Micro Letters 3(4): 223-227.

Soltanian Fard, M.J., Rastaghi, F. & Ghanbari, N. 2013. Sonochemical synthesis of new nano-two-dimensional lead (II) coordination polymer: As precursor for preparation of PbO nano-structure. J. Mol. Struct. 1032: 133-137.

Veluchamy, P. & Minoura, H. 1995. Selective formation of ß-PbO and a-PbO films on Pb electrodes by potentiostatic anodization in alkaline solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem. 396: 211-217.

Wiechert, D.U., Grabowski, S.P. & Simon, M. 2005. Raman spectroscopic investigation of evaporated PbO layers. Thin Solid Films 484: 73-82.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: Yousefi.ramin@gmail.com