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Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2625–2635 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-05
Influence
of Field Soil Drought Stress on Some Key Physiological, Yield
and Quality Traits of Selected Newly-Developed Hexaploid Bread
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars (Pengaruh Tekanan Tanah
Kemarau kepada Fisiologi, Hasil dan Sifat Kualiti bagi Kultivar
Jenis Roti Gandum Heksaploid Pra-Maju yang Terpilih (Triticum
aestivum L.)) TARIQ SHAHZAD1,
MUHAMMAD
ASHRAF2,
MUHAMMAD
MANSOOR
JAVAID1*,
HASNAIN
WAHEED1,
TASAWER
ABBAS1,
FENG-MIN
LI3
& ABDUL SATTAR4 1Department of Agronomy, University
College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad,
Pakistan 3School of Life Sciences, State Key
Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
730000, China 4College of Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur
Campus Layyah, Pakistan Received:
26 February 2018/Accepted: 4 July 2018 ABSTRACT Drought is one of the commonly
occurring environmental stresses, limiting crop production in
many countries. Selection of cultivar is the most effective and
economical means for alleviating the adverse effects of drought
stress on crops. The present study aimed to investigate the growth,
some physiological processes, yield and quality of some newly-developed
wheat cultivars (AARI-2011,
AAS-2011,
Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 and Punjab-2011) under field drought
stress conditions. The cultivars were sown in a field under normal
irrigation and drought-induced conditions. Maximum net photosynthetic
rate was recorded in cv. AAS-2011
at growth stage of 67 days after wheat emergence under normal
irrigation and cv. Faisalabad-2008 at 67 days after wheat emergence
under drought condition. Leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration
rate were maximum in cv. Faisalabad-2008 under drought conditions.
The adverse effects of drought stress were observed more on cv.
Millat-2011 than Faisalabad-2008, with respect to net photosynthetic
rate and transpiration. Drought exerted a significant adverse
effect on leaf stomatal conductance at 74 days after wheat emergence
which was recorded as 230 mmol m-2 s-1.
Among the cultivars, AAS-2011 recorded maximum yield traits
and grain yield under normal irrigation condition and Faisalabad-2008
under drought condition. Cultivar Millat-2011 was the most susceptible
to drought and Faisalabad-2008 the most resistant to drought.
Faisalabad-2008 maintained the quality at the most under drought
stress conditions. It is concluded that Fasialabad-2008 should
be grown under field drought conditions to achieve maximal yield
and quality of wheat. Keywords: Photosynthetic activity;
protein; starch; water deficit; wheat production ABSTRAK Kemarau merupakan salah satu
tekanan alam sekitar yang biasanya berlaku yang mengehadkan pengeluaran
tanaman di banyak negara. Pemilihan kultivar adalah cara yang
paling berkesan dan bersifat ekonomi untuk mengurangkan kesan
buruk daripada tekanan kemarau ke atas tanaman. Kajian ini bertujuan
untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan, proses fisiologi, hasil dan kualiti
kultivar gandum yang baru dibangunkan (AARI-2011,
AAS-2011,
Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 dan Punjab-2011) pada tanah yang
bertekanan kemarau. Kultivar telah dicambah di padang yang tidak
mempunyai pengairan yang baik serta telah teraruh-kemarau. Kadar
bersih fotosintesis maksimum yang dicatatkan dalam cv. AAS-2011 peringkat pertumbuhan 67 hari
selepas kemunculan gandum di bawah pengairan biasa dan cv. Faisalabad-2008
peringkat pertumbuhan 67 hari selepas kemunculan gandum di bawah
keadaan kemarau. Daun stomatal konduktans dan kadar transpirasi
paling maksimum adalah tanaman cv. Faisalabad-2008 dalam keadaan
kemarau. Kesan-kesan negatif disebabkan tekanan kemarau lebih
terlihat kepada cv. Millat-2011 berbanding Faisalabad-2008, dari
sudut kadar fotosintesis bersih dan transpirasi. Kemarau memberi
impak negatif yang besar pada konduksi stomatal daun pada hari
ke-74 selepas kemunculan gandum yang direkodkan ialah 230 mmol
m-2 s-1. Kulvitar AAS-2011
mencatatkan ciri hasil dan hasil bijirin yang maksimum untuk pengairan
yang lemah manakala kulvitar Faisalabad-2008 pula di dalam keadaan
kemarau. Kultivar Millat-2011 adalah yang paling rentan dengan
kemarau dan kultivar Faisalabad-2008 yang paling bertahan dengan
kemarau. Kultivar Faisalabad-2008 masih berkualiti walaupun dalam
keadaan kemarau. Kesimpulannya adalah kultivar Fasialabad-2008
perlu ditanam dalam keadaan kemarau untuk mencapai hasil dan kualiti
gandum yang maksima. Kata kunci: Aktiviti fotosintesis; defisit air; kanji; pengeluaran
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