Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2499-2506

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-15

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) Polyphenols-Rich Extract Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Diabetic Rats

(Ekstrak Kaya-Polifenol Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) Mencegah Tekanan Oksidatif dan Kerosakan Mitokondria Jantung Aruhan Hiperglisemia pada Tikus Diabetes)

NUR LIYANA MOHAMMED YUSOF¹, TENGKU NURUL TASNIM TENGKU AFFENDI¹, FATIN FARHANA JUBAIDI¹, SATIRAH ZAINALABIDIN² & SITI BALKIS BUDIN¹*

¹Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 18 January 2020/Accepted: 18 April 2020

ABSTRACT

Cardiac mitochondrial damage plays a crucial role in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (roselle) has been proven to prevent various pathological conditions, however it remains unclear whether roselle extract can attenuate diabetes-induced mitochondrial damage. This study aimed to investigate whether roselle polyphenol-rich extract (HPE) is able to ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally); and diabetic rats were then orally fed with 100 mg kg-1 of HPE (DM+Roselle) or 150 mg kg-1 of Metformin (DM+MET) daily for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the control and untreated diabetic (DM) groups were only orally given normal saline. After 4 weeks of treatment, the results showed that DM+Roselle group significantly improved blood glucose level and lipid profile status (p<0.05) compared to the DM group. DM+Roselle group also had significantly (p<0.05) lower the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) in cardiac homogenate than the DM group. HPE supplementation also significantly improved activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD-2, catalase (CAT) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) of the cardiac homogenate. Complex I activity of mitochondria respiratory chain also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in DM+Roselle group as compared to the DM group. Observations using electron microscope showed that mitochondria in the DM+Roselle group appeared more organized compared to the DM group. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of HPE as a protective agent against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in diabetic condition.

Keywords: Hyperglycemia; mitochondria; myocardial damage; ROS; roselle

ABSTRAK

Kerosakan mitokondria jantung memainkan peranan yang penting dalam permulaan kardiomiopati diabetis. Walaupun Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (rosel) terbukti berupaya mencegah pelbagai keadaan patologi, keupayaan ekstrak rosel dalam memulihkan kerosakan mitokondria aruhan diabetis melitus masih lagi belum diketahui. Kajian ini mengkaji sama ada ekstrak rosel kaya polifenol (HPE) mampu mencegah tekanan oksidatif dan kerosakan aruhan hiperglisemia pada tikus diabetis. Diabetis diaruh dengan suntikan tunggal streptozotosin (55 mg kg-1, intraperitonial); dan tikus diabetis kemudiannya diberi 100 mg kg-1 HPE (DM+Roselle) atau 150 mg kg-1 Metformin (DM+MET) setiap hari selama 4 minggu. Tikus kawalan normal (NDM) dan diabetis tanpa rawatan (DM) hanya diberikan salin normal. Selepas 4 minggu suplementasi, hasil kajian menunjukkan kumpulan DM+Roselle mempunyai aras glukosa darah dan status profil lipid yang lebih baik secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan DM. Kumpulan DM+Roselle juga turut menunjukkan aras bahan reaktif asid tiobarbiturik (TBARS) dan produk oksidasi protein lanjutan (AOPP) homogenat jantung yang lebih rendah (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan DM. Suplementasi HPE turut membaik pulih aktiviti jumlah superoksida dismutase (SOD), SOD-2, katalase (CAT) dan aras glutation terturun (GSH) pada homogenat jantung tikus. Aktiviti Kompleks I pada rantaian pernafasan mitokondria turut menurun dengan ketara pada kumpulan DM+Roselle berbanding kumpulan DM. Pemerhatian dengan mikroskop elektron menunjukkan mitokondria pada jantung tikus kumpulan DM+Roselle kelihatan lebih teratur berbanding kumpulan DM. Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian ini mencadangkan potensi HPE sebagai agen perlindungan tekanan oksidatif serta mencegah kerosakan mitokondria dalam keadaan diabetis. 

Kata kunci: Hiperglisemia; kecederaan mitokondria; mitokondria; ROS; rosel

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*Corresponding author; email: balkis@ukm.edu.my