Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2283-2292

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-12

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Four Medicinal Chinese Plant Extracts against Tribolium castaneum

(Analisis Fitokimia Awal dan Penilaian Biologi pada Empat Ekstrak Tumbuhan Ubatan Cina terhadap Tribolium castaneum)

MOKHTAR MOHAMEDALAMIN MOKHTAR^1,2, JIANFENG LI¹, ZHIPING DU¹ & FANGQIN CHENG¹*

¹Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

²General Plant Protection and Biological Control Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources and Irrigation, Khartoum State, Khartoum 11111, Sudan

Received: 28 June 2020/Accepted: 10 December 2020

ABSTRACT

Application of botanical pesticides is a new trend in pest control nowadays as an environmentally safe alternative measures for synthetic chemicals. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze the phytochemical constituents of four medicinal Chinese plants, namely Lonicera maackii, Platycladus orientalis, Viburnum opulus, and Crataegus pinnatifida, and to investigate the insecticidal potentialities of leaves extracts of these plants against Tribolium castaneum. The research was carried out under laboratory conditions, at the Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, China. Ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of the plant leaves were tested at different concentrations (5, 2.5, and 1.25% w/v). Yields of extracting materials, mortality and repellent effects were the important parameters evaluated. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoid, and terpenoids in C. pinnatifida, but the other plants contain some of these compounds. The highest ethyl acetate extract concentration (5%) of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida obtained the best mortality means (5.00±0.41 and 4.75±0.25a, respectively), compared to the other treatments, but without significant differences from the middle concentration (2.5%) of both extracts. In repellency test, L. maackii methanol achieved the highest repellency percentage (91.38%). The findings proved that ethyl acetate extract of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida are the best insecticidal treatment, whereas methanol extract of L. maackii is the best repellent effect, against T. castaneum. These three plants require additional studies to be assessed as a component in pest management of store pests.

Keywords: Chinese plants; methanol extract; repellent effect; Tribolium castaneum

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan racun perosak botani merupakan trend terbaru pada masa kini dalam kawalan perosak sebagai langkah alternatif yang selamat untuk alam sekitar bagi bahan kimia sintetik. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis juzuk fitokimia daripada empat tumbuhan ubatan Cina iaitu Lonicera maackii, Platycladus orientalis, Viburnum opulus dan Crataegus pinnatifida dan untuk mengkaji potensi racun serangga daripada ekstrak daun tumbuhan-tumbuhan ini terhadapTribolium castaneum. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan di makmal Institut Sumber dan Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Shanxi, China. Ekstrak etil asetat, metanol dan air daripada daun tumbuhan diuji pada kepekatan yang berbeza (5, 2.5 dan 1.25% w/v). Hasil daripada pengekstrakan bahan, kematian dan kesan penghalau adalah antara parameter penting yang dinilai. Pemeriksaan fitokimia telah menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid dan terpenoid pada C. pinnatifida, tetapi tumbuhan lain juga mengandungi sebilangan sebatian ini. Kepekatan ekstrak etil asetat tertinggi (5%) pada V. opulus dan C. pinnatifida memperoleh kaedah kematian terbaik (masing-masing 5.00±0.41 dan 4.75±0.25a), berbanding dengan rawatan lain, tetapi tanpa perbezaan yang signifikan untuk kepekatan lain (2.5%) bagi kedua-dua ekstrak. Dalam ujian penghalauan, metanol bagiL. maackii memberi peratusan penghalauan tertinggi (91.38%). Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa ekstrak etil asetatV. opulus dan C. pinnatifida adalah rawatan racun serangga terbaik, manakala ekstrak metanol bagiL. maackii memberikan kesan penghalau yang terbaik terhadapT. castaneum. Ketiga-tiga tanaman ini memerlukan kajian tambahan untuk dinilai sebagai komponen dalam pengurusan perosak bagi perosak stor.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak metanol; kesan penghalau; Tribolium castaneum; tumbuhan cina

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*Corresponding author; email: cfangqin@sxu.edu.cn