 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 44(12)(2015): 1685–1691
Bioactive Constituent Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Fractionated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Pencirian Juzuk Bioaktif dan Aktiviti
Antioksidan Ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum
Terpecah oleh Karbon Dioksida Supergenting)
MEI-SU
LIN1,2,
ZER-RAN
YU3,
BE-JEN
WANG1,
CHENG-CHI
WANG4,
YIH-MING WENG1
&
1Department
of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City,
60004,
Taiwan
2Biotechnology
Research Center, Far East University, 49 Zhonghua Road, Tainan City, 74448,
Taiwan 1691
3Superwell Biotechnology Corporation, 465 Wenxin South 2nd
Road, Taichung City, 40876, Taiwan
4Graduate
Institute of Precision Manufacturing, National Chin-Yi University of Technology,
57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung, 41170, Taiwan
5Department
of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical
Foundation
2 Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
Diserahkan: 25 Ogos 2014/Diterima: 23 Jun 2015
ABSTRACT
Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized as a precious fungus in
both Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine for centuries. It contains many
bioactive ingredients such as triterpenoids and polysaccharides. The present
study used supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)
fractionation to fractionate Ganoderma lucidum extract into four
fractions (R, F1, F2, & F3) and evaluate the correlation between the
content of functional components and their antioxidant ability. Relatively high
concentrations of the three types of bioactive constituents were simultaneously
partitioned into different fractionation collecting vessels. The free radical
scavenging ability was greatest in F1. The IC50 of DPPH scavenging ability was 0.90 mg/mL and that of ABTS radicals
scavenging activity was 0.45 mg/mL. The correlation analysis of antioxidant
ability with total triterpenoids and total polyphenols showed a positive
relationship. In conclusion, this study showed that fractionation of Ganoderma
lucidum extract using SC-CO2 fractionation technology was
able to effectively partition its bioactive components including triterpenoids,
polysaccharides and phenolic compounds and also to increase the antioxidant
activities of the fractions.
Keywords: Antioxidant activities; Ganoderma lucidum; supercritical carbon
dioxide fractionation; total polysaccharides; total triterpenoids
ABSTRAK
Ganoderma lucidum telah dikenal pasti sebagai kulat berharga dalam
kedua-dua perubatan tradisi Cina dan Jepun selama berabad-abad.
Ia mengandungi banyak bahan bioaktif seperti triterpenoids dan polisakarida.
Kajian ini menggunakan pemecahan karbon dioksida supergenting (SC-CO2)
untuk ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum terpecah kepada empat pecahan
(R, F1, F2 , & F3) dan menilai hubung kait antara kandungan
komponen berfungsi dan keupayaan antioksidan mereka. Kepekatan yang
agak tinggi daripada tiga jenis juzuk bioaktif dibahagikan secara
serentak kepada pemeringkatan vesel pengumpulan berbeza. Keupayaan
skaveng radikal bebas adalah terbaik dalam F1. IC50 keupayaan skaveng DPPH adalah
0.90 mg/mL dan aktiviti skaveng radikal ABTS adalah 0.45 mg/mL. Analisis
korelasi kemampuan antioksidan dengan jumlah triterpenoid dan polifenol
menunjukkan hubungan yang positif. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan
bahawa pemeringkatan ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum menggunakan
teknologi pemeringkatan SC-CO2 dapat memisahkan komponen bioaktif
dengan berkesan termasuk triterpenoid, polisakarida dan sebatian
fenolik serta meningkatkan aktiviti antioksidan pecahan.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; Ganoderma lucidum; jumlah polisakarida;
jumlah triterpenoid; karbon dioksida superkritikal pemeringkatan
RUJUKAN
Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A. & Ghezzehei, T.A. 2013. A
new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon
concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers 97(2):
253-261.
Arnao, M.B., Cano, A. & Acosta, M. 2001. The hydrophilic
and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 73(2):
239-344.
Chien, Y.L., Ho, C.T., Chiang, B.H. & Hwang, L.S. 2011.
Effect of fermentation time on antioxidative activities of Ganoderma lucidum broth using leguminous plants as part of the liquid fermentation medium. Food
Chemistry 126(4): 1586-1592.
Cui, X.Y., Cui, S.Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Z.J., Yu, B. &
Sheng, Z.F. 2012. Extract of Ganoderma lucidum prolongs sleep time in
rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 139(3): 796-800.
Dudhgaonkar, S., Thyagarajan, A. & Sliva, D. 2009. Suppression
of the inflammatory response by triterpenes isolated from the mushroom
Ganoderma lucidum. International Immunopharmacology 9(11):
1272-1280. El-Mekkawy, S., Meselhy, M.R., Nakamura, N., Tezuka, Y., Hattori,
M., Kakiuchi, N., Shimotohno, K., Kawahata, T. & Otake, T. 1998.
Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma
lucidum. Phytochemistry 49(6): 1651-1657. Eo, S.K., Kim, Y.S., Lee, C.K. & Han, S.S. 1999.
Antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated
from Ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 68(1-3):
129-136.
Ferguson, L.R. 2001. Role of plant polyphenols in genomic
stability. Mutation Research 475(1-2): 89-111.
Harhaji Trajković, L.M., Mijatović, S.A.,
Maksimović-Ivanić, D.D., Stojanović, I.D., Momcilović,
M.B., Tufegdzić, S.J., Maksimović, V.M., Marjanović, Z.S. &
Stosić-Grujicić, S.D. 2009. Anticancer properties of Ganoderma
lucidum methanol extracts in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition
and Cancer 61(5): 696-707.
Hawthorne, S.B. 1990. Analytical-scale supercritical fluid
extraction. Analytical Chemistry 62(11): 633-642.
Huang, D., Ou, B., Hampsch-Woodill, M., Flanagan, J.A. &
Prior, R.L. 2002. High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity
(ORAC) using a multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate
fluorescence reader in 96-well format. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 50(16): 4437-4444.
Jedinak, A., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Jiang, J. & Sliva, D.
2011. Ganodermanontriol, a lanostanoid triterpene from Ganoderma lucidum,
suppresses growth of colon cancer cells through ß-catenin signaling. International
Journal of Oncology 38(3): 761-767.
Jin, H., Jin, F., Jin, J.X., Xu, J., Tao, T.T., Liu, J.
& Huang, H.J. 2013. Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore on
cadmium hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 52:
171-175.
Lin, K.W., Huang, A.M., Yang, S.C., Weng, J.R., Hour, T.C.,
Pu, Y.S. & Lin, C.N. 2012a. Cytotoxic and antioxidant constituents from Garcinia
subelliptica. Food Chemistry 135(2): 851-859.
Lin, M.S., Yu, Z.R. & Weng, Y.M. 2012b. Study of
continuous extraction process utilizing supercritical fluid for Ganoderma
lucidum. Advanced Materials Research 524-527: 2310-2315.
Lin, Z.B. & Zhang, H.N. 2004. Anti-tumor and
immunoregulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum and its possible
mechanisms. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 25(11): 1387-1395.
Liu, C.H., Yen, M.H., Tsang, S.F., Gan, K.H., Hsu, H.Y.
& Lin, C.N. 2010. Antioxidant triterpenoids from the stems of Momordica
charantia. Food Chemistry 118(3): 751-756.
Miyamoto, I., Liu, J., Shimizu, K., Sato, M., Kukita, A.,
Kukita, T. & Kondo, R. 2009. Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by ganoderic
acid DM isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. European Journal of
Pharmacology 602(1): 1-7.
Paterson, R. 2006. Ganoderma: A therapeutic fungal
biofactory. Phytochemistry 67(18): 1985-2001.
Saltarelli, R., Ceccaroli, P., Iotti, M., Zambonelli, A.,
Buffalini, M., Casadei, L., Vallorani, L. & Stocchi, V. 2009. Biochemical
characterisation and antioxidant activity of mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum from
Central Italy. Food Chemistry 116(1): 143-151.
Shi, M., Yang, Y., Hu, X. & Zhang, Z. 2014. Effect of
ultrasonic extraction conditions on antioxidative and immunomodulatory
activities of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide originated from fermented
soybean curd residue. Food Chemistry 155: 50-56.
Shi, X., Dalal, N.S. & Jain, A.C. 1991. Antioxidant
behaviour of caffeine: Efficient scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Food and
Chemical Toxicology 29(1): 1-6.
Smina, T.P., Mathew, J., Janardhanan, K.K. &
Devasagayam, T.P.A. 2011. Antioxidant activity and toxicity profile of total
triterpenes isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst occurring in
South India. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 32(3): 438-446.
Wang, B.J., Liu, C.T., Tseng, C.Y. & Yu, Z.R. 2005. Antioxidant
activity of Bupleurum kaoi Liu (Chao et Chuang) fractions
fractionated by supercritical CO2. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft
and Technologie Food Science and Technology 38(3): 281-287.
Wang, B.J., Lien, Y.H. & Yu, Z.R. 2004. Supercritical
fluid extractive fractionation-study of the antioxidant activities of propolis. Food Chemistry 86(2): 237-243.
Xu, J., Liu, W., Yao, W.B., Pang, X.B., Yin, D.K. & Gao,
X.D. 2009. Carboxymethylation of a polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma
lucidum enhances its antioxidant activities in vitro. Carbohydrate
Polymers 78(2): 227-234.
Xu, Z., Chen, X., Zhong, Z., Chen, L. & Wang, Y. 2011. Ganoderma
lucidum polysaccharides: Immunomodulation and potential anti-tumor
activities. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 39(1): 15-27.
Zhao, L., Dong, Y., Chen, G. & Hu, Q. 2010. Extraction,
purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Ganoderma
lucidum. Carbohydrate Polymers 80(3): 783-789.
Zibetti, A.W., Aydi, A., Livia, M.A., Bolzan, A. &
Barth, D. 2013. Solvent extraction and purification of rosmarinic acid from
supercritical fluid extraction fractionation waste: Economic evaluation and
scale-up. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 83: 133-145.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: m.koo@utoronto.ca
|
|||
|
