Sains Malaysiana 44(12)(2015): 1707–1714

Innovative Dual Storage Heat Tank Combination Solar Thermal, Air Conditioners and Heat Pump of Water Heating Systems

(Inovasi Tangki Penyimpanan Dual Haba Gabungan Haba Suria, Penyaman Udara

dan Pam Haba melalui Sistem Pemanasan Air)

WEN-LIH CHEN¹, KING-LEUNG WONG¹ & YUNG-CHANG LI*²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kun Shan University No.195, Kunda Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan

²Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Kun Shan University No. 195, Kunda Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan

Diserahkan: 29 Ogos 2014/Diterima: 23 Jun 2015

ABSTRACT

Tropical or subtropical countries are very suitable for the development of solar and heat pump technology. This paper proposed the integration of air conditioners that exhaust heat with solar energy to enhance the overall efficiency of thermal energy conversion. The analysis of thermal storage tanks of different volumes showed that a two-ton air conditioner operating for an hour produced double energy than normal sunshine for a day. With thermal storage tanks of fixed volume, the integration of air conditioners of different tons with solar energy indicated that air conditioners of less tons produced faster and more efficient energy conversion. Therefore, this paper proposed that the modification of condenser in domestic air conditioner into water-cooled condenser not only enhance the energy efficiency of air conditioners but also increased hot water supplies since hot water from air conditioners could be integrated into solar water heaters. By doing so, energy conservation and carbon reduction could be achieved.

Keywords: Air conditioner; energy conversion; solar energy; thermal storage tanks

ABSTRAK

Negara-negara tropika atau subtropika sangat sesuai bagi pembangunan teknologi tenaga suria dan pam haba. Kertas ini mencadangkan perintegrasian penyaman udara yang menggunakan haba dan tenaga suria untuk meningkatkan kecekapan keseluruhan penukaran tenaga haba. Analisis tangki penyimpanan haba dengan isi padu yang berbeza menunjukkan bahawa penyaman udara dua tan yang beroperasi selama sejam menghasilkan tenaga dua kali ganda daripada cahaya matahari untuk satu hari. Dengan tangki penyimpanan haba dan isi padu yang tetap, integrasi penyaman udara daripada tan yang berbeza dengan tenaga suria menunjukkan bahawa penyaman udara dengan tan yang rendah cepat menghasilkan dan lebih cekap dalam penukaran tenaga. Oleh itu, kertas ini mencadangkan pengubahsuaian kondenser penyaman udara domestik ke kondenser pengairan sejuk bukan sahaja untuk meningkatkan kecekapan tenaga penyaman udara tetapi juga menambah bekalan air panas memandangkan air panas daripada penyaman udara boleh diintegrasikan ke dalam pemanas air suria. Dengan melakukan demikian, pemuliharaan tenaga dan pengurangan karbon boleh dicapai.

Kata kunci: Penyaman udara; penukaran tenaga; tangki penyimpanan haba; tenaga suria

RUJUKAN

Baek, N.C., Shin, U.C. & Yoon, J.H. 2005. A study on the design and analysis of a heat pump heating system using wastewater as a heat source. Solar Energy 78: 427-440.

Çengel, Y.A. & Boles, M.A. 2002. Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach. 4 ed. Boston: McGraw Companies, Inc.

Chaturvedi, S.K., Chen, D.T. & Kheireddine, A. 1998. Thermal performance of a variable capacity direct expansion solar assisted heat pump. Energy Conversion and Management 39: 181-191.

Grass, C., Schoelkopf, W., Staudacher, L. & Hacker, Z. 2004. Comparison of the optics of non-tracking and novel types of tracking solar thermal collectors for process heat applications up to 300℃. Solar Energy 76: 207-215.

Hawlader, M.N.A., Chou, S.K. & Ullah, M.Z. 2001. The performance of a solar assisted heat pump water heating System. Applied Thermal Engineering 21: 1049-1065.

Hepbasli, A. & Kalinci, Y. 2009 A review of heat pump water heating systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13: 1211-1229.

Hosozl, M. & Kilicarslan, A. 2004. Performance evaluations of refrigeration systems with air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporative condensers. International Journal of Energy Research 28: 683-696.

Hu, S.S. & Huang, B.J. 2005. Study of a high efficiency residential split water-cooled air conditioner. Applied Thermal Engineering 25: 1599-1613.

Huang, B.J. & Lee, C.P. 2003. Long-term performance of solar-assisted heat pump water heater. Renewable Energy 29: 633-639.

Huang, B.J. & Chyng, J.P. 1999. Integral-type solar-assisted heat pump water heater. Renewable Energy 16: 731-734.

Incropera, F.P., DeWitt, D.P., Bergman, T.L. & Lavine, A.S. 2007. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 6th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ito, S., Miura, N. & Wang, K. 1999. Performance of a heat pump using direct expansion solar collectors. Solar Energy 65: 189-196.

Ji, J., Chow, T., Pei, G., Dong, J. & He, W. 2003. Domestic air-conditioner and integrated water heater for subtropical climate. Applied Thermal Engineering 23: 581-592.

Kim, Y. & Seo, T. 2007. Thermal performances comparisons of the glass evacuated tube solar collectors with shapes of absorber tube. Renewable Energy 32: 772-795.

Kim, Y. & Kim, Y.C. 2005. Heat transfer characteristics of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch. International Journal of Refrigeration 28: 851-858.

Kim, M., Kim, M.S. & Chung, J.D. 2004. Transient thermal behavior of a water heater system driven by a heat pump. International Journal of Refrigeration 27: 415-421.

Li, C.A. & Jhang, K.C. 2011. China’s solar hot water system issued fair use case analysis. Taiwan Power Company 100 annual savings album.

Mon, M.S. & Gross, U. 2004. Numerical study of fin-spacing effects in annular-finned tube heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47:1953-1964.

Morrison, G.L., Budihardjo, I. & Behnia, M. 2004. Water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters. Solar Energy 76: 135-140.

Omojaro, P. & Breitkopf, C. 2013. Direct expansion solar assisted heat pumps: A review of applications and recent research. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 22: 33-45.

Shah, L.J. & Furbo, S. 2004. Vertical evacuated tubular-collectors utilizing solar radiation from all directions. Applied Energy 78: 371-395.

Xu, G., Zhang, X. & Deng, S. 2006. A simulation study on the operating performance of a solar-air source heat pump water heater. Applied Thermal Engineering 26: 1257-1265.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: lyc0321@ms57.hinet.net