Sains Malaysiana 44(5)(2015): 727–733

High Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in High Grade Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma

(Pengekspresan Tinggi Siklooksigenase-2 dalam Adenokarsinoma Prostat Manusia Gred Tinggi)

MOHD ROHAIZAD MD RODUAN¹*, NORHAFIZAH MOHTARRUDIN¹, CHONG PEI PEI²,

MALINA OSMAN³ & NORAINI MOHD DUSA⁴

¹Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

Diserahkan: 17 Mei 2013/Diterima: 22 Disember 2014

ABSTRACT

Inflammation plays an important role to the process of prostate carcinogenesis by increasing the rate of cell proliferation, which contributes to an aggressive tumour phenotype. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found overexpressed in various types of cancer cells including prostate. The aim of this study was to investigate the COX-2 expressions in different types of human prostate tissues. Paraffin-embedded prostate tissues from 263 samples were examined for the expression of COX-2 marker by immunohistochemistry method. COX-2 was found highly expressed in prostate adenocarcinoma (p=0.001) as compared to benign and normal tissues. The score of COX-2 expressions in most of normal prostate was weak 49 (77.8%), while only 16 (16%) of BPH showed strong expression. 56 cases (56%) prostate cancer showed strong COX-2 expression. Prostate cancer cases showed significant differences in staining patterns as tumour grade increased. In addition, COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with Gleason score in cancerous tissues. This study suggests that COX-2 overexpression is associated with prostate cancer and higher grade tumour.

Keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); immunohistochemistry; inflammations; overexpression; prostate adenocarcinoma

ABSTRAK

Inflamasi memainkan peranan penting dalam proses pembentukan kanser prostat melalui peningkatan kadar pembahagian sel. Inflamasi juga bertanggungjawab dalam pembentukan fenotip kanser prostat yang lebih agresif. Siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2 didapati diekspres lebih tinggi daripada aras biasa dalam pelbagai jenis sel kanser termasuk prostat. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji pengekspresan COX-2 dalam tisu prostat manusia yang berbeza. Sebanyak 263 tisu prostat tertanam parafin telah digunakan untuk mengkaji aras pengekspresan penanda COX-2 melalui kaedah imunohistokimia. Pengekspresan COX-2 didapati lebih tinggi dalam tisu adenokarsinoma prostat (p=0.001) berbanding tisu benigna dan tisu prostat yang normal. Kebanyakan tisu prostat normal mengekspres COX-2 yang lemah 49 (77.8%) dan hanya 16 (16%) tisu BPH menunjukkan pengekspresan COX-2 yang kuat. Manakala, 56 (56%) tisu kanser prostat menunjukkan pengekspresan COX-2 yang kuat. Tisu kanser prostat juga menunjukkan perbezaan corak perwarnaan COX-2 yang signifikan dengan peningkatan gred tumor. Selain itu, pengekspresan COX-2 menunjukkan perhubungan yang signifikan dengan skor Gleason dalam tisu kanser. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa terdapat hubungan antara pengekspresan COX-2 yang sangat tinggi dengan kanser prostat dan tumor gred tinggi.

Kata kunci: Adenikarsinoma prostat; siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2); imunohistokimia; inflamasi; pengekspresan

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