Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1257–1262
Spatial
Distribution Trend of Plankton in Sungai Pulai Estuary, the Straits of Johor,
Malaysia
(Pola
Taburan Reruang Plankton di Muara Sungai Pulai, Selat Johor, Malaysia)
ZALEHA KASSIM1,4*, KAMARUZZAMAN YUNUS,1,4, JALAL K.C.A1,4, ILI NABILAH JAAFAR2, NUR SUHAILA NORDIN2, WAN MUHAMAD AMIR WAN AHMAD2, AHMAD ISMAIL3 & AKBAR B. JOHN4
1Marine Science
Department, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia
Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur,
Malaysia
2School of Fisheries
and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
21030
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
3Biology Department,
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4INOCEM,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah
25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 14 Mac 2015/Diterima: 11 Mei 2015
ABSTRACT
A spatial distribution study was carried out to investigate the influence
of some environmental factors to planktons using collected samples
from the Sungai Pulai estuary, near to the Singapore boarder. Six
stations chosen for the field sampling were Port Tanjung Pelepas
(S1), Tanjung Bin Charcoal Plant (S2), seagrasses of Pulau Merambong
(S4) and Second-Link Bridge (S5) and mangrove areas (S3, S6). There
is no significant difference of phytoplankton abundance (p>0.05)
between stations. Instead, it differs significantly at the level
of p<0.05; p= 0.0001 (Two tailed, t=14.10 df=34)
between sampling session. In contrast, there is a significant difference
of zooplankton abundance (p<0.05) in the sampling stations
(χ2
= 17.3,(5)), but there
is no significant difference (p>0.05; p=0.8966)
between the sampling session (Two tailed, t=0.1310, df=34). Biplot
analysis shows that most species are associated with the stations
except for Protoperidinium sp., Lithodesmia sp. and
Alexendrium sp. Copepod species including Microcalanus
sp., Calanus sp. and Temora sp. are associated
with S5. Paracalanus sp., Euterpina sp., Tigriopus
sp., Oithona sp. and Pseudocalanus sp. are associated
with S1, S2 and S4. The planktons are correlated with the temperature
(Pearson’s correlation, r2=-0.897) and salinity (Pearson’s
correlation, r2=0.9416) in March but no correlation
is found in November sampling session. The results indicated the
important role of certain environmental factors, namely the salinity
and temperature to the distribution of the planktons in Sungai Pulai
estuary.
Keywords: Copepod; distribution; estuary; plankton; Sungai Pulai
ABSTRAK
Suatu kajian taburan reruang telah dijalankan
untuk meninjau pengaruh alam sekitar ke atas plankton menggunakan sampel
plankton yang diperoleh dari muara Sungai Pulai, berhampiran sempadan
Singapura. Sebanyak enam stesen
pensampelan telah dipilih iaitu Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas (S1), Kilang Arang
Tanjung Bin (S2), kawasan rumput laut Pulau Merambong (S4) dan juga Jambatan
Lingkaran ke-2 (S5)serta kawasan hutan bakau (S3, S6). Tiada perbezaan bererti
bagi kelimpahan fitoplankton (p>0.05) antara stesen (χ2 = 5.547,(5)) tetapi perbezaan bererti
didapati pada tahap p<0.05; p= 0.0001 (Two tailed, t=14.10
df=34) antara sesi pensampelan. Sebagai bandingan, terdapat perbezaan bererti
untuk kelimpahan zooplankton (p<0.05) di antara stesen (χ2 = 17.3,(5)) tetapi
zooplankton tidak menunjukkan perbezaan bererti (p>0.05; p=0.8966)
antara sesi pensampelan (Two tailed, t=0.1310, df=34). Analisis biplot pula
menunjukkan kebanyakan spesies fitoplankton berkait dengan stesen-stesen
kecuali Protoperidinium sp., Lithodesmia sp. dan Alexendrium sp.
Spesies Kopepod termasuk Microcalanus sp., Calanus sp. dan Temora sp. berkait dengan S5. Paracalanus sp., Euterpina sp., Tigriopus sp., Oithona sp. dan Pseudocalanus sp.
menunjukkan kaitannya dengan S1, S2 dan S4. Plankton adalah
berkait dengan suhu (Pearson’s correlation, r2=-0.897)
dan kemasinan (Pearson’s correlation, r2=0.9416) dalam bulan Mac
tetapi tiada kaitan ditunjukkan pada bulan November. Keputusan
kajian ini menunjukkan kepentingan peranan faktor persekitaran tertentu iaitu
kemasinan dan suhu terhadap taburan plankton di kawasan muara Sungai Pulai.
Kata kunci: Kopepod; muara; plankton; Sungai
Pulai; taburan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: drzack@iium.edu.my
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